Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Dorsal-ventral patterning in vertebrate and Drosophila embryos requires a conserved system of extracellular proteins to generate a positional information gradient. The components involved include bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP/Dpp), a BMP antagonist (Chordin/Short gastrulation; Chd/Sog) and a secreted metalloproteinase (Xolloid/Tolloid) that cleaves Chd/Sog. Here we describe Xenopus Twisted gastrulation (xTsg), another member of this signalling pathway. xTsg is expressed ventrally as part of the BMP-4 synexpression group and encodes a secreted BMP-binding protein that is a BMP signalling agonist. The data suggest a molecular mechanism by which xTsg dislodges latent BMPs bound to Chordin BMP-binding fragments generated by Xolloidcleavage, providing a permissive signal that allows high BMP signalling in the embryo. Drosophila Tsg also binds BMPs and is expressed dorsally, supporting the proposal that the dorsal-ventral axis was inverted in the course of animal evolution.
Ashe,
Local inhibition and long-range enhancement of Dpp signal transduction by Sog.
1999, Pubmed,
Xenbase
Ashe,
Local inhibition and long-range enhancement of Dpp signal transduction by Sog.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Biehs,
The Drosophila short gastrulation gene prevents Dpp from autoactivating and suppressing neurogenesis in the neuroectoderm.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Bier,
Developmental biology. A unity of opposites.
1999,
Pubmed Bosher,
RNA interference: genetic wand and genetic watchdog.
2000,
Pubmed Connors,
The role of tolloid/mini fin in dorsoventral pattern formation of the zebrafish embryo.
1999,
Pubmed Davis,
Isolation of angiopoietin-1, a ligand for the TIE2 receptor, by secretion-trap expression cloning.
1996,
Pubmed De Robertis,
A common plan for dorsoventral patterning in Bilateria.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Dick,
Essential role of Bmp7 (snailhouse) and its prodomain in dorsoventral patterning of the zebrafish embryo.
2000,
Pubmed Fainsod,
On the function of BMP-4 in patterning the marginal zone of the Xenopus embryo.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Ferguson,
Decapentaplegic acts as a morphogen to organize dorsal-ventral pattern in the Drosophila embryo.
1992,
Pubmed Ferguson,
Localized enhancement and repression of the activity of the TGF-beta family member, decapentaplegic, is necessary for dorsal-ventral pattern formation in the Drosophila embryo.
1992,
Pubmed Fire,
Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans.
1998,
Pubmed Flanagan,
The kit ligand: a cell surface molecule altered in steel mutant fibroblasts.
1990,
Pubmed Francois,
Dorsal-ventral patterning of the Drosophila embryo depends on a putative negative growth factor encoded by the short gastrulation gene.
1994,
Pubmed Goodman,
BMP1-related metalloproteinases promote the development of ventral mesoderm in early Xenopus embryos.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Green,
Graded changes in dose of a Xenopus activin A homologue elicit stepwise transitions in embryonic cell fate.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Grotendorst,
Connective tissue growth factor: a mediator of TGF-beta action on fibroblasts.
1997,
Pubmed Harland,
Formation and function of Spemann's organizer.
1997,
Pubmed Hild,
The smad5 mutation somitabun blocks Bmp2b signaling during early dorsoventral patterning of the zebrafish embryo.
1999,
Pubmed Holley,
A conserved system for dorsal-ventral patterning in insects and vertebrates involving sog and chordin.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Holley,
The Xenopus dorsalizing factor noggin ventralizes Drosophila embryos by preventing DPP from activating its receptor.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Hsu,
The Xenopus dorsalizing factor Gremlin identifies a novel family of secreted proteins that antagonize BMP activities.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Jones,
DVR-4 (bone morphogenetic protein-4) as a posterior-ventralizing factor in Xenopus mesoderm induction.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Kishimoto,
The molecular nature of zebrafish swirl: BMP2 function is essential during early dorsoventral patterning.
1997,
Pubmed Knoll,
Early animal evolution: emerging views from comparative biology and geology.
1999,
Pubmed Larraín,
BMP-binding modules in chordin: a model for signalling regulation in the extracellular space.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Marqués,
Production of a DPP activity gradient in the early Drosophila embryo through the opposing actions of the SOG and TLD proteins.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Mason,
Combinatorial signaling by Twisted Gastrulation and Decapentaplegic.
1997,
Pubmed Mason,
Dorsal midline fate in Drosophila embryos requires twisted gastrulation, a gene encoding a secreted protein related to human connective tissue growth factor.
1994,
Pubmed Neul,
Spatially restricted activation of the SAX receptor by SCW modulates DPP/TKV signaling in Drosophila dorsal-ventral patterning.
1998,
Pubmed Nguyen,
Interpretation of a BMP activity gradient in Drosophila embryos depends on synergistic signaling by two type I receptors, SAX and TKV.
1998,
Pubmed Niehrs,
Synexpression groups in eukaryotes.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Onichtchouk,
Silencing of TGF-beta signalling by the pseudoreceptor BAMBI.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Piccolo,
Dorsoventral patterning in Xenopus: inhibition of ventral signals by direct binding of chordin to BMP-4.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Piccolo,
Cleavage of Chordin by Xolloid metalloprotease suggests a role for proteolytic processing in the regulation of Spemann organizer activity.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Piccolo,
The head inducer Cerberus is a multifunctional antagonist of Nodal, BMP and Wnt signals.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Rodríguez Esteban,
The novel Cer-like protein Caronte mediates the establishment of embryonic left-right asymmetry.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Schier,
Nodal signalling in vertebrate development.
2000,
Pubmed Schmid,
Equivalent genetic roles for bmp7/snailhouse and bmp2b/swirl in dorsoventral pattern formation.
2000,
Pubmed Schmidt,
Drosophila short gastrulation induces an ectopic axis in Xenopus: evidence for conserved mechanisms of dorsal-ventral patterning.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Schulte-Merker,
The zebrafish organizer requires chordino.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Scott,
Mammalian BMP-1/Tolloid-related metalloproteinases, including novel family member mammalian Tolloid-like 2, have differential enzymatic activities and distributions of expression relevant to patterning and skeletogenesis.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Tuschl,
Targeted mRNA degradation by double-stranded RNA in vitro.
1999,
Pubmed Weinmaster,
Reprolysins and astacins...alive, alive-o.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Yu,
Processing of the Drosophila Sog protein creates a novel BMP inhibitory activity.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Zhang,
Positional cloning identifies zebrafish one-eyed pinhead as a permissive EGF-related ligand required during gastrulation.
1998,
Pubmed Zhu,
Type IIA procollagen containing the cysteine-rich amino propeptide is deposited in the extracellular matrix of prechondrogenic tissue and binds to TGF-beta1 and BMP-2.
1999,
Pubmed Zusman,
short gastrulation, a mutation causing delays in stage-specific cell shape changes during gastrulation in Drosophila melanogaster.
1988,
Pubmed
