Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
???displayArticle.abstract???
In Xenopus tadpoles, all retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) send axons contralaterally across the optic chiasm. At metamorphosis, a subpopulation of EphB-expressing RGCs in the ventrotemporal retina begin to project ipsilaterally. However, when these metamorphic RGCs are grafted into embryos, they project contralaterally, suggesting that the embryonic chiasm lacks signals that guide axons ipsilaterally. Ephrin-B is expressed discretely at the chiasm of metamorphic but not premetamorphic Xenopus. When expressed prematurely in the embryonic chiasm, ephrin-B causes precocious ipsilateral projections from the EphB-expressing RGCs. Ephrin-B is also found in the chiasm of mammals, which have ipsilateral projections, but not in the chiasm of fish and birds, which do not. These results suggest that ephrin-B/EphB interactions play a key role in the sorting of axons at the vertebrate chiasm.
Beach,
Patterns of cell proliferation in the retina of the clawed frog during development.
1979, Pubmed,
Xenbase
Beach,
Patterns of cell proliferation in the retina of the clawed frog during development.
1979,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Beach,
Influences of thyroxine on cell proliferation in the retina of the clawed frog at different ages.
1979,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Bergemann,
Ephrin-B3, a ligand for the receptor EphB3, expressed at the midline of the developing neural tube.
1998,
Pubmed Braisted,
Graded and lamina-specific distributions of ligands of EphB receptor tyrosine kinases in the developing retinotectal system.
1997,
Pubmed Brennan,
Two Eph receptor tyrosine kinase ligands control axon growth and may be involved in the creation of the retinotectal map in the zebrafish.
1997,
Pubmed Cheng,
Identification and cloning of ELF-1, a developmentally expressed ligand for the Mek4 and Sek receptor tyrosine kinases.
1994,
Pubmed Cheng,
Complementary gradients in expression and binding of ELF-1 and Mek4 in development of the topographic retinotectal projection map.
1995,
Pubmed Chien,
Absence of topography in precociously innervated tecta.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Colello,
The early development of retinal ganglion cells with uncrossed axons in the mouse: retinal position and axonal course.
1990,
Pubmed Drescher,
In vitro guidance of retinal ganglion cell axons by RAGS, a 25 kDa tectal protein related to ligands for Eph receptor tyrosine kinases.
1995,
Pubmed Durbin,
Eph signaling is required for segmentation and differentiation of the somites.
1998,
Pubmed Dütting,
Topographic targeting and pathfinding errors of retinal axons following overexpression of ephrinA ligands on retinal ganglion cell axons.
1999,
Pubmed Fawcett,
Fibre order in the normal Xenopus optic tract, near the chiasma.
1984,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Feldheim,
Topographic guidance labels in a sensory projection to the forebrain.
1998,
Pubmed Flenniken,
Distinct and overlapping expression patterns of ligands for Eph-related receptor tyrosine kinases during mouse embryogenesis.
1996,
Pubmed Frisén,
Ephrin-A5 (AL-1/RAGS) is essential for proper retinal axon guidance and topographic mapping in the mammalian visual system.
1998,
Pubmed Gale,
Eph receptors and ligands comprise two major specificity subclasses and are reciprocally compartmentalized during embryogenesis.
1996,
Pubmed Glücksmann,
DEVELOPMENT AND DIFFERENTIATION OF THE TADPOLE EYE.
1940,
Pubmed Godement,
Retinal axon pathfinding in the optic chiasm: divergence of crossed and uncrossed fibers.
1990,
Pubmed Grant,
Ocular migration and the metamorphic and postmetamorphic maturation of the retinotectal system in Xenopus laevis: an autoradiographic and morphometric study.
1986,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Guillery,
Developmental determinants at the mammalian optic chiasm.
1995,
Pubmed Henkemeyer,
Nuk controls pathfinding of commissural axons in the mammalian central nervous system.
1996,
Pubmed Holash,
Polarized expression of the receptor protein tyrosine kinase Cek5 in the developing avian visual system.
1995,
Pubmed Holder,
Eph receptors and ephrins: effectors of morphogenesis.
1999,
Pubmed Hollyfield,
Differential growth of the neural retina in Xenopus laevis larvae.
1971,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Holt,
Does timing of axon outgrowth influence initial retinotectal topography in Xenopus?
1984,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Holt,
Order in the initial retinotectal map in Xenopus: a new technique for labelling growing nerve fibres.
1983,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Holt,
Lipofection of cDNAs in the embryonic vertebrate central nervous system.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Hoskins,
Metamorphosis of the amphibian eye.
1990,
Pubmed Hoskins,
Development of the ipsilateral retinothalamic projection in the frog Xenopus laevis. I. Retinal distribution of ipsilaterally projecting cells in normal and experimentally manipulated frogs.
1985,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Hoskins,
Development of the ipsilateral retinothalamic projection in the frog Xenopus laevis. III. The role of thyroxine.
1985,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Hoskins,
Induction of the ipsilateral retinothalamic projection in Xenopus laevis by thyroxine.
,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Hoskins,
Development of the ipsilateral retinothalamic projection in the frog Xenopus laevis. II. Ingrowth of optic nerve fibers and production of ipsilaterally projecting retinal ganglion cells.
1985,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Kennard,
Factors involved in the development of ipsilateral retinothalamic projections in Xenopus laevis.
1981,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Kenny,
The receptor tyrosine kinase QEK5 mRNA is expressed in a gradient within the neural retina and the tectum.
1995,
Pubmed Marcus,
Domains of regulatory gene expression and the developing optic chiasm: correspondence with retinal axon paths and candidate signaling cells.
1999,
Pubmed Marcus,
Retinal axon divergence in the optic chiasm: uncrossed axons diverge from crossed axons within a midline glial specialization.
1995,
Pubmed Marcus,
Axon guidance in the mouse optic chiasm: retinal neurite inhibition by ephrin "A"-expressing hypothalamic cells in vitro.
2000,
Pubmed Marcus,
Eph family receptors and their ligands distribute in opposing gradients in the developing mouse retina.
1996,
Pubmed Marcus,
The first retinal axon growth in the mouse optic chiasm: axon patterning and the cellular environment.
1995,
Pubmed Marsh-Armstrong,
Asymmetric growth and development of the Xenopus laevis retina during metamorphosis is controlled by type III deiodinase.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Mason,
Glia, neurons, and axon pathfinding during optic chiasm development.
1997,
Pubmed Nakamoto,
Topographically specific effects of ELF-1 on retinal axon guidance in vitro and retinal axon mapping in vivo.
1996,
Pubmed O'Leary,
The development and restriction of the ipsilateral retinofugal projection in the chick.
1983,
Pubmed O'Leary,
Eph receptors and ephrins in neural development.
1999,
Pubmed Orioli,
Sek4 and Nuk receptors cooperate in guidance of commissural axons and in palate formation.
1996,
Pubmed Sretavan,
Specific routing of retinal ganglion cell axons at the mammalian optic chiasm during embryonic development.
1990,
Pubmed Stone,
The naso-temporal division of the cat's retina.
1966,
Pubmed Tessier-Lavigne,
The molecular biology of axon guidance.
1996,
Pubmed Turner,
Expression of achaete-scute homolog 3 in Xenopus embryos converts ectodermal cells to a neural fate.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Wang,
Crossed and uncrossed retinal axons respond differently to cells of the optic chiasm midline in vitro.
1995,
Pubmed Wang,
Chemosuppression of retinal axon growth by the mouse optic chiasm.
1996,
Pubmed Wang,
Molecular distinction and angiogenic interaction between embryonic arteries and veins revealed by ephrin-B2 and its receptor Eph-B4.
1998,
Pubmed Willshaw,
The visuotectal projections made by Xenopus 'pie slice' compound eyes.
1983,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Wizenmann,
Differential reaction of crossing and non-crossing rat retinal axons on cell membrane preparations from the chiasm midline: an in vitro study.
1993,
Pubmed Xu,
In vivo cell sorting in complementary segmental domains mediated by Eph receptors and ephrins.
1999,
Pubmed Zallen,
Genes required for axon pathfinding and extension in the C. elegans nerve ring.
1999,
Pubmed
