Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
???displayArticle.abstract???
In the transcriptionally inert maturing oocyte and early embryo, control of gene expression is largely mediated by regulated changes in translational activity of maternal mRNAs. Some mRNAs are activated in response to poly(A) tail lengthening; in other cases activation results from de-repression of the inactive or masked mRNA. The 3' UTR cis-acting elements that direct these changes are defined, principally in Xenopus and mouse, and the study of their trans-acting binding factors is just beginning to shed light on the mechanism and regulation of cytoplasmic polyadenylation and translational masking. In the marine invertebrate, Spisula solidissima, the timing of activation of three abundant mRNAs (encoding cyclin A and B and the small subunit of ribonucleotide reductase, RR) in fertilized oocytes correlates with their cytoplasmic polyadenylation. However, in vitro, mRNA-specific unmasking occurs in the absence of polyadenylation. In Walker et al. (in this issue) we showed that p82, a protein defined as selectively binding the 3' UTR masking elements, is a homolog of Xenopus CPEB (cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein). In functional studies reported here, the elements that support polyadenylation in clam egg lysates include multiple U-rich CPE-like motifs as well as the nuclear polyadenylation signal AAUAAA. This represents the first detailed analysis of invertebrate cis-acting cytoplasmic polyadenylation signals. Polyadenylation activity correlates with p82 binding in wild-type and CPE-mutant RR 3' UTR RNAs. Moreover, since anti-p82 antibodies specifically neutralize polyadenylation in egg lysates, we conclude that clam p82 is a functional homolog of Xenopus CPEB, and plays a positive role in polyadenylation. Anti-p82 antibodies also result in specific translational activation of masked mRNAs in oocyte lysates, lending support to our original model of clam p82 as a translational repressor. We propose therefore that clam p82/CPEB has dual functions in masking and cytoplasmic polyadenylation.
Ballantyne,
Poly (A) polymerases in the nucleus and cytoplasm of frog oocytes: dynamic changes during oocyte maturation and early development.
1995, Pubmed,
Xenbase
Ballantyne,
Poly (A) polymerases in the nucleus and cytoplasm of frog oocytes: dynamic changes during oocyte maturation and early development.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Ballantyne,
A dependent pathway of cytoplasmic polyadenylation reactions linked to cell cycle control by c-mos and CDK1 activation.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Bilger,
Nuclear polyadenylation factors recognize cytoplasmic polyadenylation elements.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Bouvet,
A role for transcription and FRGY2 in masking maternal mRNA within Xenopus oocytes.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Braddock,
Intron-less RNA injected into the nucleus of Xenopus oocytes accesses a regulated translation control pathway.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Caponigro,
Multiple functions for the poly(A)-binding protein in mRNA decapping and deadenylation in yeast.
1995,
Pubmed Culp,
Translational activation and cytoplasmic polyadenylation of FGF receptor-1 are independently regulated during Xenopus oocyte maturation.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Curtis,
Translational regulation in development.
1995,
Pubmed de Moor,
The Mos pathway regulates cytoplasmic polyadenylation in Xenopus oocytes.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Fox,
Poly(A) addition during maturation of frog oocytes: distinct nuclear and cytoplasmic activities and regulation by the sequence UUUUUAU.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Gebauer,
Mouse cytoplasmic polyadenylylation element binding protein: an evolutionarily conserved protein that interacts with the cytoplasmic polyadenylylation elements of c-mos mRNA.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Gebauer,
Cloning and characterization of a Xenopus poly(A) polymerase.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Gunkel,
Localization-dependent translation requires a functional interaction between the 5' and 3' ends of oskar mRNA.
1998,
Pubmed Gunkel,
Promoter control of translation in Xenopus oocytes.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Hake,
CPEB is a specificity factor that mediates cytoplasmic polyadenylation during Xenopus oocyte maturation.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Hake,
Specificity of RNA binding by CPEB: requirement for RNA recognition motifs and a novel zinc finger.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Hunt,
The requirements for protein synthesis and degradation, and the control of destruction of cyclins A and B in the meiotic and mitotic cell cycles of the clam embryo.
1992,
Pubmed Kick,
Phosphorylation of a 60 kDa polypeptide from Xenopus oocytes blocks messenger RNA translation.
1987,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Kuge,
Cytoplasmic 3' poly(A) addition induces 5' cap ribose methylation: implications for translational control of maternal mRNA.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Murray,
Different forms of soluble cytoplasmic mRNA binding proteins and particles in Xenopus laevis oocytes and embryos.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Ostareck,
mRNA silencing in erythroid differentiation: hnRNP K and hnRNP E1 regulate 15-lipoxygenase translation from the 3' end.
1997,
Pubmed Paris,
Maturation-specific polyadenylation and translational control: diversity of cytoplasmic polyadenylation elements, influence of poly(A) tail size, and formation of stable polyadenylation complexes.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Picard,
A rapid and efficient one-tube PCR-based mutagenesis technique using Pfu DNA polymerase.
1994,
Pubmed Preiss,
Dual function of the messenger RNA cap structure in poly(A)-tail-promoted translation in yeast.
1998,
Pubmed Ranjan,
Masking mRNA from translation in somatic cells.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Richter,
Reversible inhibition of translation by Xenopus oocyte-specific proteins.
,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Rosenthal,
Widespread changes in the translation and adenylation of maternal messenger RNAs following fertilization of Spisula oocytes.
1987,
Pubmed Rosenthal,
Selective translation of mRNA controls the pattern of protein synthesis during early development of the surf clam, Spisula solidissima.
1980,
Pubmed Rosenthal,
Sequence-specific adenylations and deadenylations accompany changes in the translation of maternal messenger RNA after fertilization of Spisula oocytes.
1983,
Pubmed Sheets,
The 3'-untranslated regions of c-mos and cyclin mRNAs stimulate translation by regulating cytoplasmic polyadenylation.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Standart,
Regulated polyadenylation of clam maternal mRNAs in vitro.
1993,
Pubmed Standart,
Maternal mRNA from clam oocytes can be specifically unmasked in vitro by antisense RNA complementary to the 3'-untranslated region.
1990,
Pubmed Stebbins-Boaz,
CPEB controls the cytoplasmic polyadenylation of cyclin, Cdk2 and c-mos mRNAs and is necessary for oocyte maturation in Xenopus.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Tarun,
Association of the yeast poly(A) tail binding protein with translation initiation factor eIF-4G.
1996,
Pubmed Turner,
Oocyte activation and passage through the metaphase/anaphase transition of the meiotic cell cycle is blocked in clams by inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase activity.
1995,
Pubmed Verrotti,
Evolutionary conservation of sequence elements controlling cytoplasmic polyadenylylation.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Walker,
Unmasking mRNA in clam oocytes: role of phosphorylation of a 3' UTR masking element-binding protein at fertilization.
1996,
Pubmed Walker,
The clam 3' UTR masking element-binding protein p82 is a member of the CPEB family.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Webster,
Translational repressor bruno plays multiple roles in development and is widely conserved.
1997,
Pubmed Wharton,
The Pumilio RNA-binding domain is also a translational regulator.
1998,
Pubmed Wolffe,
Structural and functional properties of the evolutionarily ancient Y-box family of nucleic acid binding proteins.
1994,
Pubmed
