Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Neuron
1994 Dec 01;136:1403-12. doi: 10.1016/0896-6273(94)90425-1.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Elimination of rapid potassium channel inactivation by phosphorylation of the inactivation gate.
Covarrubias M, Wei A, Salkoff L, Vyas TB.
???displayArticle.abstract???
The effect of protein kinase C (PKC) on rapid N-type inactivation of K+ channels has not been reported previously. We found that PKC specifically eliminates rapid inactivation of a cloned human A-type K+ channel (hKv3.4), converting this channel from a rapidly inactivating A type to a noninactivating delayed rectifier type. Biochemical analysis showed that the N-terminal domain of hKv3.4 is phosphorylated in vitro by PKC, and mutagenesis experiments revealed that two serines within the inactivation gate at the N-terminus are sites of direct PKC action. Moreover, mutating one of these serines to aspartic acid mimics the action of PKC. Serine phosphorylation may thus prevent rapid inactivation by shielding basic residues known to be critical to the function of the inactivation gate. The regulatory mechanism reported here may have substantial effects on signal coding in the nervous system.
Armstrong,
Voltage-activated calcium channels that must be phosphorylated to respond to membrane depolarization.
1987, Pubmed
Armstrong,
Voltage-activated calcium channels that must be phosphorylated to respond to membrane depolarization.
1987,
Pubmed Augustine,
Phosphorylation modulates potassium conductance and gating current of perfused giant axons of squid.
1990,
Pubmed Bezanilla,
Inactivation of the sodium channel. I. Sodium current experiments.
1977,
Pubmed Busch,
An amino acid mutation in a potassium channel that prevents inhibition by protein kinase C.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Chung,
Protein kinase activity closely associated with a reconstituted calcium-activated potassium channel.
1991,
Pubmed Demo,
The inactivation gate of the Shaker K+ channel behaves like an open-channel blocker.
1991,
Pubmed Drain,
Regulation of Shaker K+ channel inactivation gating by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Goldin,
Preparation of RNA for injection into Xenopus oocytes.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Goldsmith,
cAMP modulates multiple K+ currents, increasing spike duration and excitability in Aplysia sensory neurons.
1992,
Pubmed Hochner,
Modulation of a transient K+ current in the pleural sensory neurons of Aplysia by serotonin and cAMP: implications for spike broadening.
1992,
Pubmed Hoshi,
Shaker potassium channel gating. I: Transitions near the open state.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Hoshi,
Biophysical and molecular mechanisms of Shaker potassium channel inactivation.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Huang,
Autophosphorylation of rat brain Ca2+-activated and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase.
1986,
Pubmed Isacoff,
Putative receptor for the cytoplasmic inactivation gate in the Shaker K+ channel.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Kennelly,
Consensus sequences as substrate specificity determinants for protein kinases and protein phosphatases.
1991,
Pubmed Kobayashi,
Calphostin C (UCN-1028C), a novel microbial compound, is a highly potent and specific inhibitor of protein kinase C.
1989,
Pubmed Krishek,
Regulation of GABAA receptor function by protein kinase C phosphorylation.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Levitan,
Modulation of a single ion channel by several different protein kinases.
1990,
Pubmed Li,
Convergent regulation of sodium channels by protein kinase C and cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
1993,
Pubmed MacKinnon,
Determination of the subunit stoichiometry of a voltage-activated potassium channel.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase MacKinnon,
Functional stoichiometry of Shaker potassium channel inactivation.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Marais,
Studies on the primary sequence requirements for PKC-alpha, -beta 1 and -gamma peptide substrates.
1990,
Pubmed Moran,
Modulation of a Shaker potassium A-channel by protein kinase C activation.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Murrell-Lagnado,
Energetics of Shaker K channels block by inactivation peptides.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Murrell-Lagnado,
Interactions of amino terminal domains of Shaker K channels with a pore blocking site studied with synthetic peptides.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Nicoll,
The coupling of neurotransmitter receptors to ion channels in the brain.
1988,
Pubmed Numann,
Functional modulation of brain sodium channels by protein kinase C phosphorylation.
1991,
Pubmed Pak,
mShal, a subfamily of A-type K+ channel cloned from mammalian brain.
1991,
Pubmed Patton,
Amino acid residues required for fast Na(+)-channel inactivation: charge neutralizations and deletions in the III-IV linker.
1992,
Pubmed Perozo,
Phosphorylation affects voltage gating of the delayed rectifier K+ channel by electrostatic interactions.
1990,
Pubmed Rettig,
Characterization of a Shaw-related potassium channel family in rat brain.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Rudy,
Cloning of a human cDNA expressing a high voltage-activating, TEA-sensitive, type-A K+ channel which maps to chromosome 1 band p21.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Ruknudin,
The ultrastructure of patch-clamped membranes: a study using high voltage electron microscopy.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Ruppersberg,
Cloned neuronal IK(A) channels reopen during recovery from inactivation.
1991,
Pubmed Ruppersberg,
Regulation of fast inactivation of cloned mammalian IK(A) channels by cysteine oxidation.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Schröter,
Cloning and functional expression of a TEA-sensitive A-type potassium channel from rat brain.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Sculptoreanu,
Voltage-dependent potentiation of L-type Ca2+ channels due to phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
1993,
Pubmed Shearman,
Modulation of ion channel activity: a key function of the protein kinase C enzyme family.
1989,
Pubmed Shuster,
Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase closes the serotonin-sensitive K+ channels of Aplysia sensory neurones in cell-free membrane patches.
,
Pubmed Sigel,
Activation of protein kinase C differentially modulates neuronal Na+, Ca2+, and gamma-aminobutyrate type A channels.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Slater,
Inhibition of protein kinase C by alcohols and anaesthetics.
1993,
Pubmed Stühmer,
Structural parts involved in activation and inactivation of the sodium channel.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Stühmer,
Electrophysiological recording from Xenopus oocytes.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Swope,
Phosphorylation of ligand-gated ion channels: a possible mode of synaptic plasticity.
1992,
Pubmed Vassilev,
Identification of an intracellular peptide segment involved in sodium channel inactivation.
1988,
Pubmed Walsh,
Regulation of a heart potassium channel by protein kinase A and C.
1988,
Pubmed Wei,
K+ current diversity is produced by an extended gene family conserved in Drosophila and mouse.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Weiser,
Differential expression of Shaw-related K+ channels in the rat central nervous system.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase West,
A phosphorylation site in the Na+ channel required for modulation by protein kinase C.
1991,
Pubmed West,
A cluster of hydrophobic amino acid residues required for fast Na(+)-channel inactivation.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Zagotta,
Voltage-dependent gating of Shaker A-type potassium channels in Drosophila muscle.
1990,
Pubmed Zagotta,
Restoration of inactivation in mutants of Shaker potassium channels by a peptide derived from ShB.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
