Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
???displayArticle.abstract???
The role of Raf and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) during the maturation of Xenopus oocytes was investigated. Treatment of oocytes with progesterone resulted in a shift in the electrophoretic mobility of Raf at the onset of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), which was coincident with the activation of MAPK. Expression of a kinase-defective mutant of the human Raf-1 protein (KD-RAF) inhibited progesterone-mediated MAPK activation. MAPK activation was also inhibited by KD-Raf in oocytes expressing signal transducers of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) pathway, including an activated tyrosine kinase (Tpr-Met), a receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFr), and Ha-RasV12. KD-RAF completely inhibited GVBD induced by the RTK pathway. In contrast, KD-RAF did not inhibit GVBD and the progression to Meiosis II in progesterone-treated oocytes. Injection of Mos-specific antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides inhibited MAPK activation in response to progesterone and Tpr-Met, but failed to inhibit these events in oocytes expressing an oncogenic deletion mutant of Raf-1 (delta N'Raf). Injection of antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides to Mos also reduced the progesterone- and Tpr-Met-induced electrophoretic mobility shift of Xenopus Raf. These results demonstrate that RTKs and progesterone participate in distinct yet overlapping signaling pathways resulting in the activation of maturation or M-phase promoting factor (MPF). Maturation induced by the RTK pathway requires activation of Raf and MAPK, while progesterone-induced maturation does not. Furthermore, the activation of MAPK in oocytes appears to require the expression of Mos.
Ahn,
Identification of multiple epidermal growth factor-stimulated protein serine/threonine kinases from Swiss 3T3 cells.
1990, Pubmed
Ahn,
Identification of multiple epidermal growth factor-stimulated protein serine/threonine kinases from Swiss 3T3 cells.
1990,
Pubmed Ahn,
Multiple components in an epidermal growth factor-stimulated protein kinase cascade. In vitro activation of a myelin basic protein/microtubule-associated protein 2 kinase.
1991,
Pubmed Ahn,
Evidence for an epidermal growth factor-stimulated protein kinase cascade in Swiss 3T3 cells. Activation of serine peptide kinase activity by myelin basic protein kinases in vitro.
1990,
Pubmed Barrett,
A purified S6 kinase kinase from Xenopus eggs activates S6 kinase II and autophosphorylates on serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Birchmeier,
ras proteins can induce meiosis in Xenopus oocytes.
1985,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Blenis,
Growth-regulated signal transduction by the MAP kinases and RSKs.
1991,
Pubmed Boulton,
Evidence for insulin-dependent activation of S6 and microtubule-associated protein-2 kinases via a human insulin receptor/v-ros hybrid.
1990,
Pubmed Boulton,
ERKs: a family of protein-serine/threonine kinases that are activated and tyrosine phosphorylated in response to insulin and NGF.
1991,
Pubmed Boulton,
An insulin-stimulated protein kinase similar to yeast kinases involved in cell cycle control.
1990,
Pubmed Bruder,
Serum-, TPA-, and Ras-induced expression from Ap-1/Ets-driven promoters requires Raf-1 kinase.
1992,
Pubmed Carroll,
Erythropoietin induces Raf-1 activation and Raf-1 is required for erythropoietin-mediated proliferation.
1991,
Pubmed Crews,
Erks: their fifteen minutes has arrived.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Cyert,
Regulation of MPF activity in vitro.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Daar,
tpr-met oncogene product induces maturation-producing factor activation in Xenopus oocytes.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Daar,
A characterization of cytostatic factor activity from Xenopus eggs and c-mos-transformed cells.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Dent,
Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase by v-Raf in NIH 3T3 cells and in vitro.
1992,
Pubmed Deshpande,
Insulin induction of Xenopus laevis oocyte maturation is inhibited by monoclonal antibody against p21 ras proteins.
1987,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Dickson,
Raf functions downstream of Ras1 in the Sevenless signal transduction pathway.
1992,
Pubmed Dominguez,
Evidence for a role of protein kinase C zeta subspecies in maturation of Xenopus laevis oocytes.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Duchesne,
Identification of the SH3 domain of GAP as an essential sequence for Ras-GAP-mediated signaling.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase El-Etr,
Meiotic maturation in Xenopus laevis oocytes initiated by insulin.
1979,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Ely,
A 42-kD tyrosine kinase substrate linked to chromaffin cell secretion exhibits an associated MAP kinase activity and is highly related to a 42-kD mitogen-stimulated protein in fibroblasts.
1990,
Pubmed Ferrell,
Cell cycle tyrosine phosphorylation of p34cdc2 and a microtubule-associated protein kinase homolog in Xenopus oocytes and eggs.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Gómez,
Evidence for communication between nerve growth factor and protein tyrosine phosphorylation.
1990,
Pubmed Gómez,
Dissection of the protein kinase cascade by which nerve growth factor activates MAP kinases.
1991,
Pubmed Gotoh,
In vitro effects on microtubule dynamics of purified Xenopus M phase-activated MAP kinase.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Gotoh,
Xenopus M phase MAP kinase: isolation of its cDNA and activation by MPF.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Gotoh,
Microtubule-associated-protein (MAP) kinase activated by nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor in PC12 cells. Identity with the mitogen-activated MAP kinase of fibroblastic cells.
1990,
Pubmed Heidecker,
Mutational activation of c-raf-1 and definition of the minimal transforming sequence.
1990,
Pubmed Heidecker,
The role of Raf-1 phosphorylation in signal transduction.
1992,
Pubmed Hoshi,
Activation of a Ca2+-inhibitable protein kinase that phosphorylates microtubule-associated protein 2 in vitro by growth factors, phorbol esters, and serum in quiescent cultured human fibroblasts.
1988,
Pubmed Howe,
Activation of the MAP kinase pathway by the protein kinase raf.
1992,
Pubmed Kanki,
Progression from meiosis I to meiosis II in Xenopus oocytes requires de novo translation of the mosxe protooncogene.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Kolch,
Raf-1 protein kinase is required for growth of induced NIH/3T3 cells.
1991,
Pubmed Korn,
Ras p21 as a potential mediator of insulin action in Xenopus oocytes.
1987,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Kosako,
cDNA cloning of MAP kinase kinase reveals kinase cascade pathways in yeasts to vertebrates.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Krieg,
Functional messenger RNAs are produced by SP6 in vitro transcription of cloned cDNAs.
1984,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Kyriakis,
Raf-1 activates MAP kinase-kinase.
1992,
Pubmed Le Guellec,
Xenopus c-raf proto-oncogene: cloning and expression during oogenesis and early development.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Li,
Raf-1: a kinase currently without a cause but not lacking in effects.
1991,
Pubmed Maller,
A study of the induction of cell division in amphibian oocytes by insulin.
1981,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Masui,
Oocyte maturation.
1979,
Pubmed Matsuda,
Xenopus MAP kinase activator: identification and function as a key intermediate in the phosphorylation cascade.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Miyasaka,
Nerve growth factor stimulates a protein kinase in PC-12 cells that phosphorylates microtubule-associated protein-2.
1990,
Pubmed Morrison,
Direct activation of the serine/threonine kinase activity of Raf-1 through tyrosine phosphorylation by the PDGF beta-receptor.
1989,
Pubmed Morrison,
The Raf-1 kinase as a transducer of mitogenic signals.
1990,
Pubmed Morrison,
Signal transduction from membrane to cytoplasm: growth factors and membrane-bound oncogene products increase Raf-1 phosphorylation and associated protein kinase activity.
1988,
Pubmed Nebreda,
Induction by NGF of meiotic maturation of Xenopus oocytes expressing the trk proto-oncogene product.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Nishida,
Proliferation of both somatic and germ cells is affected in the Drosophila mutants of raf proto-oncogene.
1988,
Pubmed Park,
Mechanism of met oncogene activation.
1986,
Pubmed Pelech,
Protein kinase cascades in meiotic and mitotic cell cycle control.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Pelech,
Mitogen-activated protein kinases: versatile transducers for cell signaling.
1992,
Pubmed Pelech,
Activation of myelin basic protein kinases during echinoderm oocyte maturation and egg fertilization.
1988,
Pubmed Posada,
Requirements for phosphorylation of MAP kinase during meiosis in Xenopus oocytes.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Posada,
Mos stimulates MAP kinase in Xenopus oocytes and activates a MAP kinase kinase in vitro.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Posada,
Tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of homologous protein kinases during oocyte maturation and mitogenic activation of fibroblasts.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Pulverer,
Phosphorylation of c-jun mediated by MAP kinases.
1991,
Pubmed Rapp,
Structure and biological activity of v-raf, a unique oncogene transduced by a retrovirus.
1983,
Pubmed Roberts,
Cell biology. A signal chain of events.
1992,
Pubmed Rossomando,
Evidence that pp42, a major tyrosine kinase target protein, is a mitogen-activated serine/threonine protein kinase.
1989,
Pubmed Sadler,
A similar pool of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase in Xenopus oocytes is stimulated by insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, and [Val12,Thr59]Ha-ras protein.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Sagata,
The c-mos proto-oncogene product is a cytostatic factor responsible for meiotic arrest in vertebrate eggs.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Sagata,
Function of c-mos proto-oncogene product in meiotic maturation in Xenopus oocytes.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Schultz,
Detection of the myristylated gag-raf transforming protein with raf-specific antipeptide sera.
1985,
Pubmed Seth,
Signal transduction within the nucleus by mitogen-activated protein kinase.
1992,
Pubmed Sprenger,
Biochemical analysis of torso and D-raf during Drosophila embryogenesis: implications for terminal signal transduction.
1993,
Pubmed Stanton,
Definition of the human raf amino-terminal regulatory region by deletion mutagenesis.
1989,
Pubmed Stanton,
Activation of human raf transforming genes by deletion of normal amino-terminal coding sequences.
1987,
Pubmed Tsao,
Nerve growth factor and fibroblast growth factor selectively activate a protein kinase that phosphorylates high molecular weight microtubule-associated proteins. Detection, partial purification, and characterization in PC12 cells.
1990,
Pubmed Tsuda,
A protein kinase similar to MAP kinase activator acts downstream of the raf kinase in Drosophila.
1993,
Pubmed Wasserman,
Effects of cyclohexamide on a cytoplasmic factor initiating meiotic naturation in Xenopus oocytes.
1975,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Williams,
Both p21ras and pp60v-src are required, but neither alone is sufficient, to activate the Raf-1 kinase.
1992,
Pubmed Wood,
ras mediates nerve growth factor receptor modulation of three signal-transducing protein kinases: MAP kinase, Raf-1, and RSK.
1992,
Pubmed Yew,
Meiotic initiation by the mos protein in Xenopus.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
