Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Cis-acting elements of the sea urchin histone H2A modulator bind transcriptional factors.
Palla F, Casano C, Albanese I, Anello L, Gianguzza F, Di Bernardo MG, Bonura C, Spinelli G.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Functional tests, performed by microinjection into Xenopus laevis oocytes, show that a DNA fragment containing the modulator of the early histone H2A gene of Paracentrotus lividus enhances transcription of a reporter gene when located, in the physiological orientation, upstream of the tk basal promoter. Gel retardation and DNase I footprinting assays further reveal that the H2A modulator contains at least two binding sites [upstream sequence elements 1 and 2 (USE 1 and USE 2)] for nuclear factors extracted from sea urchin embryos, which actively transcribe the early histone gene set. Interestingly, USE 1 is highly homologous to a cis-acting element previously identified in the H2A modulator of Psammechinus miliaris [Grosschedl, R., Mächler, M., Rohrer, U. & Birnstiel, M. L. (1983) Nucleic Acids Res. 11, 8123-8136]. Finally, a cloned oligonucleotide containing the USE 1 sequence competes efficiently in Xenopus oocytes with the H2A modulator to prevent enhancement of transcription of the reporter gene. From these results, we conclude that USE 1 and perhaps USE 2 in the H2A modulator are upstream transcriptional elements that are recognized by trans-acting factors common to Xenopus and sea urchin.
Anderson,
Site and stage specific action of endogenous nuclease and micrococcal nuclease on histone genes of sea urchin embryos.
1986, Pubmed
Anderson,
Site and stage specific action of endogenous nuclease and micrococcal nuclease on histone genes of sea urchin embryos.
1986,
Pubmed Anello,
Different micrococcal nuclease cleavage patterns characterize transcriptionally active and inactive sea-urchin histone genes.
1986,
Pubmed Barberis,
Mutually exclusive interaction of the CCAAT-binding factor and of a displacement protein with overlapping sequences of a histone gene promoter.
1987,
Pubmed Bryan,
Major changes in the 5' and 3' chromatin structure of sea urchin histone genes accompany their activation and inactivation in development.
1983,
Pubmed Busslinger,
Regulation of histone gene expression.
1985,
Pubmed Childs,
Histone gene expression during sea urchin embryogenesis: isolation and characterization of early and late messenger RNAs of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus by gene-specific hybridization and template activity.
1979,
Pubmed Eissenberg,
Selected topics in chromatin structure.
1985,
Pubmed Fried,
Equilibria and kinetics of lac repressor-operator interactions by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
1981,
Pubmed Garner,
A gel electrophoresis method for quantifying the binding of proteins to specific DNA regions: application to components of the Escherichia coli lactose operon regulatory system.
1981,
Pubmed Grosschedl,
Delimitation of far upstream sequences required for maximal in vitro transcription of an H2A histone gene.
1982,
Pubmed Grosschedl,
A functional component of the sea urchin H2A gene modulator contains an extended sequence homology to a viral enhancer.
1983,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Grosschedl,
Spacer DNA sequences upstream of the T-A-T-A-A-A-T-A sequence are essential for promotion of H2A histone gene transcription in vivo.
1980,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Hentschel,
The organization and expression of histone gene families.
1981,
Pubmed Hieter,
Histone gene switch in the sea urchin embryo. Identification of late embryonic histone messenger ribonucleic acids and the control of their synthesis.
1979,
Pubmed Jones,
Two distinct transcription factors bind to the HSV thymidine kinase promoter in vitro.
1985,
Pubmed Lai,
Both basal and ontogenic promoter elements affect the timing and level of expression of a sea urchin H1 gene during early embryogenesis.
1988,
Pubmed LOWRY,
Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent.
1951,
Pubmed Luckow,
CAT constructions with multiple unique restriction sites for the functional analysis of eukaryotic promoters and regulatory elements.
1987,
Pubmed Maniatis,
Regulation of inducible and tissue-specific gene expression.
1987,
Pubmed Mauron,
Accumulation of individual histone mRNAs during embryogenesis of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
1982,
Pubmed Maxam,
Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages.
1980,
Pubmed Maxson,
Expression and organization of histone genes.
1983,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Maxson,
Accumulation of the early histone messenger RNAs during the development of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
1982,
Pubmed Maxson,
Differential stimulation of sea urchin early and late H2B histone gene expression by a gastrula nuclear extract after injection into Xenopus laevis oocytes.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase McKnight,
The distal transcription signals of the herpesvirus tk gene share a common hexanucleotide control sequence.
1984,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Müller,
Enhancer sequences and the regulation of gene transcription.
1988,
Pubmed Ptashne,
How eukaryotic transcriptional activators work.
1988,
Pubmed Spinelli,
Chromatin structure of histone genes in sea urchin sperms and embryos.
1982,
Pubmed Spinelli,
Functional activity and chromatin configuration of SV40 enhancer injected in Xenopus laevis oocytes.
1985,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Spinelli,
Evidences of two different sets of histone genes active during embryogenesis of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus.
1979,
Pubmed Strauss,
A protein binds to a satellite DNA repeat at three specific sites that would be brought into mutual proximity by DNA folding in the nucleosome.
1984,
Pubmed Wasylyk,
Enhancers and transcription factors in the control of gene expression.
1988,
Pubmed Weinberg,
Timing and rates of synthesis of early histone mRNA in the embryo of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
1983,
Pubmed Wu,
Transient alterations of the chromatin structure of sea urchin early histone genes during embryogenesis.
1985,
Pubmed
