Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Perception of the temporal structure of acoustic signals contributes critically to vocal signaling. In the aquatic clawed frog Xenopus laevis, calls differ primarily in the temporal parameter of click rate, which conveys sexual identity and reproductive state. We show here that an ensemble of auditory neurons in the laminar nucleus of the torus semicircularis (TS) of X. laevis specializes in encoding vocalization click rates. We recorded single TS units while pure tones, natural calls, and synthetic clicks were presented directly to the tympanum via a vibration-stimulation probe. Synthesized click rates ranged from 4 to 50 Hz, the rate at which the clicks begin to overlap. Frequency selectivity and temporal processing were characterized using response-intensity curves, temporal-discharge patterns, and autocorrelations of reduplicated responses to click trains. Characteristic frequencies ranged from 140 to 3,250 Hz, with minimum thresholds of -90 dB re 1 mm/s at 500 Hz and -76 dB at 1,100 Hz near the dominant frequency of female clicks. Unlike units in the auditory nerve and dorsal medullary nucleus, most toral units respond selectively to the behaviorally relevant temporal feature of the rate of clicks in calls. The majority of neurons (85%) were selective for click rates, and this selectivity remained unchanged over sound levels 10 to 20 dB above threshold. Selective neurons give phasic, tonic, or adapting responses to tone bursts and click trains. Some algorithms that could compute temporally selective receptive fields are described.
Alder,
Integration and recovery processes contribute to the temporal selectivity of neurons in the midbrain of the northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens.
2000, Pubmed
Alder,
Integration and recovery processes contribute to the temporal selectivity of neurons in the midbrain of the northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens.
2000,
Pubmed Atzori,
Differential synaptic processing separates stationary from transient inputs to the auditory cortex.
2001,
Pubmed Behrend,
Neural responses to water surface waves in the midbrain of the aquatic predator Xenopus laevis laevis.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase BLAIR,
ISOLATING MECHANISMS AND INTERSPECIES INTERACTIONS IN ANURAN AMPHIBIANS.
1964,
Pubmed Brahic,
Vocal circuitry in Xenopus laevis: telencephalon to laryngeal motor neurons.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Buonomano,
Decoding temporal information: A model based on short-term synaptic plasticity.
2000,
Pubmed Carr,
Processing of temporal information in the brain.
1993,
Pubmed Casseday,
Neural tuning for sound duration: role of inhibitory mechanisms in the inferior colliculus.
1994,
Pubmed Christensen-Dalsgaard,
Biophysics of underwater hearing in the clawed frog, Xenopus laevis.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Edwards,
Counting on inhibition and rate-dependent excitation in the auditory system.
2007,
Pubmed Edwards,
Auditory and lateral line inputs to the midbrain of an aquatic anuran: neuroanatomic studies in Xenopus laevis.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Edwards,
Auditory midbrain neurons that count.
2002,
Pubmed Eggermont,
Sensitivity of neurons in the auditory midbrain of the grassfrog to temporal characteristics of sound. III. Stimulation with natural and synthetic mating calls.
1986,
Pubmed Elliott,
Male discrimination of receptive and unreceptive female calls by temporal features.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Elliott,
Tone and call responses of units in the auditory nerve and dorsal medullary nucleus of Xenopus laevis.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Feng,
Differential innervation patterns of three divisions of frog auditory midbrain (torus semicircularis).
1991,
Pubmed Gerhardt,
Discrimination of intermediate sounds in a synthetic call continuum by female green tree frogs.
1978,
Pubmed Gooler,
Temporal coding in the frog auditory midbrain: the influence of duration and rise-fall time on the processing of complex amplitude-modulated stimuli.
1992,
Pubmed Hall,
Neural analysis of temporally patterned sounds in the frog's thalamus: processing of pulse duration and pulse repetition rate.
1986,
Pubmed Hall,
Influence of envelope rise time on neural responses in the auditory system of anurans.
1988,
Pubmed Imaizumi,
Neural representation of sound amplitude by functionally different auditory receptors in crickets.
2001,
Pubmed Joris,
Correlation index: a new metric to quantify temporal coding.
2006,
Pubmed Kelley,
Auditory and vocal nuclei in the frog brain concentrate sex hormones.
1980,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Liang,
Neural representations of sinusoidal amplitude and frequency modulations in the primary auditory cortex of awake primates.
2002,
Pubmed Louage,
Temporal properties of responses to broadband noise in the auditory nerve.
2004,
Pubmed Luksch,
The use of in vitro preparations of the isolated amphibian central nervous system in neuroanatomy and electrophysiology.
1996,
Pubmed Marín,
Basal ganglia organization in amphibians: afferent connections to the striatum and the nucleus accumbens.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Megela,
Response patterns to tone bursts in peripheral auditory system of anurans.
1981,
Pubmed Narins,
Neural adaptations for processing the two-note call of the Puerto Rican treefrog, Eleutherodactylus coqui.
1980,
Pubmed Oswald,
Synaptic mechanisms underlying auditory processing.
2006,
Pubmed Paton,
Mapping the auditory central nervous system of Xenopus laevis with 2-deoxyglucose autoradiography.
1982,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Pauly,
The vocal sac increases call rate in the Tungara frog Physalaemus pustulosus.
2006,
Pubmed Rees,
Neuronal responses to amplitude-modulated and pure-tone stimuli in the guinea pig inferior colliculus, and their modification by broadband noise.
1989,
Pubmed Staude,
Can spike coordination be differentiated from rate covariation?
2008,
Pubmed Tobias,
Rapping, a female receptive call, initiates male-female duets in the South African clawed frog.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Tobias,
Vocal communication between male Xenopus laevis.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Vignal,
Significance of temporal and spectral acoustic cues for sexual recognition in Xenopus laevis.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Wang,
Short-term synaptic depression and recovery at the mature mammalian endbulb of Held synapse in mice.
2008,
Pubmed Wilczynski,
Tympanic and extratympanic sound transmission in the leopard frog.
1987,
Pubmed
