Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Determinants for activation of the atypical AGC kinase Greatwall during M phase entry.
Blake-Hodek KA, Williams BC, Zhao Y, Castilho PV, Chen W, Mao Y, Yamamoto TM, Goldberg ML.
???displayArticle.abstract???
The atypical AGC kinase Greatwall (Gwl) mediates a pathway that prevents the precocious removal of phosphorylations added to target proteins by M phase-promoting factor (MPF); Gwl is thus essential for M phase entry and maintenance. Gwl itself is activated by M phase-specific phosphorylations that are investigated here. Many phosphorylations are nonessential, being located within a long nonconserved region, any part of which can be deleted without effect. Using mass spectrometry and mutagenesis, we have identified 3 phosphorylation sites (phosphosites) critical to Gwl activation (pT193, pT206, and pS883 in Xenopus laevis) located in evolutionarily conserved domains that differentiate Gwl from related kinases. We propose a model in which the initiating event for Gwl activation is phosphorylation by MPF of the proline-directed sites T193 and T206 in the presumptive activation loop. After this priming step, Gwl can intramolecularly phosphorylate its C-terminal tail at pS883; this site probably plays a role similar to that of the tail/Z motif of other AGC kinases. These events largely (but not completely) explain the full activation of Gwl at M phase.
Adams,
Activation loop phosphorylation and catalysis in protein kinases: is there functional evidence for the autoinhibitor model?
2003, Pubmed
Adams,
Activation loop phosphorylation and catalysis in protein kinases: is there functional evidence for the autoinhibitor model?
2003,
Pubmed Archambault,
Mutations in Drosophila Greatwall/Scant reveal its roles in mitosis and meiosis and interdependence with Polo kinase.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Behn-Krappa,
The hydrophobic phosphorylation motif of conventional protein kinase C is regulated by autophosphorylation.
1999,
Pubmed Burgess,
Loss of human Greatwall results in G2 arrest and multiple mitotic defects due to deregulation of the cyclin B-Cdc2/PP2A balance.
2010,
Pubmed Castilho,
The M phase kinase Greatwall (Gwl) promotes inactivation of PP2A/B55delta, a phosphatase directed against CDK phosphosites.
2009,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Cheng,
Speedy/Ringo C regulates S and G2 phase progression in human cells.
2008,
Pubmed Daub,
Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle.
2008,
Pubmed Dephoure,
A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.
2008,
Pubmed Eckerdt,
Polo-like kinase 1-mediated phosphorylation stabilizes Pin1 by inhibiting its ubiquitination in human cells.
2005,
Pubmed Gharbi-Ayachi,
The substrate of Greatwall kinase, Arpp19, controls mitosis by inhibiting protein phosphatase 2A.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Glass,
Phosphorylation by cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase of a synthetic peptide corresponding to the autophosphorylation site in the enzyme.
1983,
Pubmed Gropengiesser,
The relative influence of phosphorylation and methylation on responsiveness of peptides to MALDI and ESI mass spectrometry.
2009,
Pubmed Hastie,
Assay of protein kinases using radiolabeled ATP: a protocol.
2006,
Pubmed Hauge,
Mechanism for activation of the growth factor-activated AGC kinases by turn motif phosphorylation.
2007,
Pubmed Hochegger,
Cyclin-dependent kinases and cell-cycle transitions: does one fit all?
2008,
Pubmed Iyer,
Consequences of lysine 72 mutation on the phosphorylation and activation state of cAMP-dependent kinase.
2005,
Pubmed Kannan,
The hallmark of AGC kinase functional divergence is its C-terminal tail, a cis-acting regulatory module.
2007,
Pubmed Kishimoto,
A primer on meiotic resumption in starfish oocytes: the proposed signaling pathway triggered by maturation-inducing hormone.
2011,
Pubmed Labarga,
Web services at the European bioinformatics institute.
2007,
Pubmed Manning,
The protein kinase complement of the human genome.
2002,
Pubmed Messerschmidt,
Crystal structure of the catalytic domain of human atypical protein kinase C-iota reveals interaction mode of phosphorylation site in turn motif.
2005,
Pubmed Mochida,
Regulated activity of PP2A-B55 delta is crucial for controlling entry into and exit from mitosis in Xenopus egg extracts.
2009,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Mochida,
Greatwall phosphorylates an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A that is essential for mitosis.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Mood,
Contribution of JNK, Mek, Mos and PI-3K signaling to GVBD in Xenopus oocytes.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Murray,
Cell cycle extracts.
1991,
Pubmed Murray,
The role of cyclin synthesis and degradation in the control of maturation promoting factor activity.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Newton,
Regulation of the ABC kinases by phosphorylation: protein kinase C as a paradigm.
2003,
Pubmed Olsen,
Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.
2010,
Pubmed Patra,
The xenopus Suc1/Cks protein promotes the phosphorylation of G(2)/M regulators.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Pearce,
The nuts and bolts of AGC protein kinases.
2010,
Pubmed Perry,
Cdc25 and Wee1: analogous opposites?
2007,
Pubmed Pickin,
Analysis of protein kinase autophosphorylation using expressed protein ligation and computational modeling.
2008,
Pubmed Ruiz,
Meiotic inactivation of Xenopus Myt1 by CDK/XRINGO, but not CDK/cyclin, via site-specific phosphorylation.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Santamaria,
The Plk1-dependent phosphoproteome of the early mitotic spindle.
2011,
Pubmed Schwab,
p70(S6K) controls selective mRNA translation during oocyte maturation and early embryogenesis in Xenopus laevis.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Seidler,
Analysis of autophosphorylation sites in the recombinant catalytic subunit alpha of cAMP-dependent kinase by nano-UPLC-ESI-MS/MS.
2009,
Pubmed Sharp-Baker,
Spindle checkpoint protein Bub1 is required for kinetochore localization of Mad1, Mad2, Bub3, and CENP-E, independently of its kinase activity.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Talarek,
Initiation of the TORC1-regulated G0 program requires Igo1/2, which license specific mRNAs to evade degradation via the 5'-3' mRNA decay pathway.
2010,
Pubmed Vigneron,
Greatwall maintains mitosis through regulation of PP2A.
2009,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Vigneron,
Characterization of the mechanisms controlling Greatwall activity.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Voets,
Stable government of mitosis by Greatwall: the emperor's best servant.
2012,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Voets,
MASTL is the human orthologue of Greatwall kinase that facilitates mitotic entry, anaphase and cytokinesis.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Wu,
Dissecting the M phase-specific phosphorylation of serine-proline or threonine-proline motifs.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Yamamoto,
Regulation of Greatwall kinase during Xenopus oocyte maturation.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Yu,
Greatwall kinase: a nuclear protein required for proper chromosome condensation and mitotic progression in Drosophila.
2004,
Pubmed Yu,
Greatwall kinase participates in the Cdc2 autoregulatory loop in Xenopus egg extracts.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Zhao,
Mps1 phosphorylation by MAP kinase is required for kinetochore localization of spindle-checkpoint proteins.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Zhao,
Roles of Greatwall kinase in the regulation of cdc25 phosphatase.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
