Methods Mol Biol 2012 Jan 01;889:73-83. doi: 10.1007/978-1-61779-867-2_6.

An amphibian model for studies of developmental reproductive toxicity.

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The developmental programming of the reproductive system is vulnerable to chemical exposure. It is therefore important to evaluate long-term consequences of early life-stage exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals. The African clawed frog Xenopus tropicalis has several characteristics which facilitates studies of developmental reproductive toxicity. Here, I present a X. tropicalis test protocol, including study design, exposure regime, and endpoints for chemical disruption of sex differentiation, reproductive organ development, the thyroxin-regulated metamorphosis, oestrogen synthesis (activity of the CYP19 aromatase enzyme), and fertility.

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Species referenced: Xenopus tropicalis
Genes referenced: cyp19a1