Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
XMAP215 activity sets spindle length by controlling the total mass of spindle microtubules.
Reber SB, Baumgart J, Widlund PO, Pozniakovsky A, Howard J, Hyman AA, Jülicher F.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Metaphase spindles are microtubule-based structures that use a multitude of proteins to modulate their morphology and function. Today, we understand many details of microtubule assembly, the role of microtubule-associated proteins, and the action of molecular motors. Ultimately, the challenge remains to understand how the collective behaviour of these nanometre-scale processes gives rise to a properly sized spindle on the micrometre scale. By systematically engineering the enzymatic activity of XMAP215, a processive microtubule polymerase, we show that Xenopus laevis spindle length increases linearly with microtubule growth velocity, whereas other parameters of spindle organization, such as microtubule density, lifetime and spindle shape, remain constant. We further show that mass balance can be used to link the global property of spindle size to individual microtubule dynamic parameters. We propose that spindle length is set by a balance of non-uniform nucleation and global microtubule disassembly in a liquid-crystal-like arrangement of microtubules.
Al-Bassam,
Regulation of microtubule dynamics by TOG-domain proteins XMAP215/Dis1 and CLASP.
2011, Pubmed,
Xenbase
Al-Bassam,
Regulation of microtubule dynamics by TOG-domain proteins XMAP215/Dis1 and CLASP.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Brouhard,
XMAP215 is a processive microtubule polymerase.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Brown,
Xenopus tropicalis egg extracts provide insight into scaling of the mitotic spindle.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Brugués,
Nucleation and transport organize microtubules in metaphase spindles.
2012,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Burbank,
Slide-and-cluster models for spindle assembly.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Chan,
How cells know the size of their organelles.
2012,
Pubmed Dogterom,
Physical aspects of the growth and regulation of microtubule structures.
1993,
Pubmed Gatlin,
Directly probing the mechanical properties of the spindle and its matrix.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Gatlin,
Microtubule motors in eukaryotic spindle assembly and maintenance.
2010,
Pubmed Gell,
Purification of tubulin from porcine brain.
2011,
Pubmed Goehring,
Organelle growth control through limiting pools of cytoplasmic components.
2012,
Pubmed Goshima,
Length control of the metaphase spindle.
2005,
Pubmed Groen,
Functional overlap of microtubule assembly factors in chromatin-promoted spindle assembly.
2009,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Gruss,
The mechanism of spindle assembly: functions of Ran and its target TPX2.
2004,
Pubmed Hannak,
Investigating mitotic spindle assembly and function in vitro using Xenopus laevis egg extracts.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Howard,
Microtubule polymerases and depolymerases.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Hyman,
The role of nucleation in patterning microtubule networks.
1998,
Pubmed Hyman,
Preparation of modified tubulins.
1991,
Pubmed Inoué,
Microtubule dynamics in cell division: exploring living cells with polarized light microscopy.
2008,
Pubmed Itabashi,
Probing the mechanical architecture of the vertebrate meiotic spindle.
2009,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Kinoshita,
Reconstitution of physiological microtubule dynamics using purified components.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Kinoshita,
Aurora A phosphorylation of TACC3/maskin is required for centrosome-dependent microtubule assembly in mitosis.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Levy,
Mechanisms of intracellular scaling.
2012,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Loughlin,
A computational model predicts Xenopus meiotic spindle organization.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Loughlin,
Katanin contributes to interspecies spindle length scaling in Xenopus.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Maurer,
EBs recognize a nucleotide-dependent structural cap at growing microtubule ends.
2012,
Pubmed Mirny,
Quantitative characterization of filament dynamics by single-molecule lifetime measurements.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Mitchison,
Roles of polymerization dynamics, opposed motors, and a tensile element in governing the length of Xenopus extract meiotic spindles.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Mitchison,
Bipolarization and poleward flux correlate during Xenopus extract spindle assembly.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Needleman,
Fast microtubule dynamics in meiotic spindles measured by single molecule imaging: evidence that the spindle environment does not stabilize microtubules.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Petry,
Augmin promotes meiotic spindle formation and bipolarity in Xenopus egg extracts.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Popov,
XMAP215 is required for the microtubule-nucleating activity of centrosomes.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Reber,
CaM kinase II initiates meiotic spindle depolymerization independently of APC/C activation.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Rink,
Rab conversion as a mechanism of progression from early to late endosomes.
2005,
Pubmed Shimamoto,
Insights into the micromechanical properties of the metaphase spindle.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Slep,
Structural basis of microtubule plus end tracking by XMAP215, CLIP-170, and EB1.
2007,
Pubmed Vasquez,
XMAP from Xenopus eggs promotes rapid plus end assembly of microtubules and rapid microtubule polymer turnover.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Verde,
Control of microtubule dynamics and length by cyclin A- and cyclin B-dependent kinases in Xenopus egg extracts.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Walczak,
Mechanisms of mitotic spindle assembly and function.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Walker,
Dynamic instability of individual microtubules analyzed by video light microscopy: rate constants and transition frequencies.
1988,
Pubmed Widlund,
XMAP215 polymerase activity is built by combining multiple tubulin-binding TOG domains and a basic lattice-binding region.
2011,
Pubmed Wilde,
Ran stimulates spindle assembly by altering microtubule dynamics and the balance of motor activities.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Wühr,
Evidence for an upper limit to mitotic spindle length.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Yang,
Architectural dynamics of the meiotic spindle revealed by single-fluorophore imaging.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Zanic,
EB1 recognizes the nucleotide state of tubulin in the microtubule lattice.
2009,
Pubmed
