Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Whether odorants are transduced by only one or more than one second messenger has been a long-standing question in olfactory research. In a previous study we started to address this question mainly by using calcium imaging in the olfactory bulb. Here, we present direct evidence for our earlier conclusions using the calcium imaging technique in the mucosa slice. The above question can now unambiguously be answered. We show that some olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) respond to stimulation with amino acids with an increase of the intracellular calcium concentration [Ca2+]i. In order to see whether or not these responses were mediated by the cAMP transduction pathway we applied forskolin or the membrane-permeant cAMP analogue pCPT-cAMP to the olfactory epithelium. The ensemble of ORNs that was activated by amino acids markedly differed from the ensemble of neurons activated by forskolin or pCPT-cAMP. Less than 6 % of the responding ORNs showed a response to both amino acids and the pharmacological agents activating the cAMP transduction pathway. We conclude that ORNs of Xenopus laevis tadpoles have both cAMP-dependent and cAMP-independent olfactory transduction pathways and that most amino acids are transduced in a cAMP-independent way.
Abrahamse,
Identification of an organic anion transport system in the human colon carcinoma cell line HT29 clone 19A.
2001, Pubmed
Abrahamse,
Identification of an organic anion transport system in the human colon carcinoma cell line HT29 clone 19A.
2001,
Pubmed Belluscio,
Mice deficient in G(olf) are anosmic.
1998,
Pubmed Boekhoff,
Rapid activation of alternative second messenger pathways in olfactory cilia from rats by different odorants.
1990,
Pubmed Brunet,
General anosmia caused by a targeted disruption of the mouse olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel.
1996,
Pubmed Caprio,
Electrophysiological evidence for acidic, basic, and neutral amino acid olfactory receptor sites in the catfish.
1984,
Pubmed Chen,
Blocking adenylyl cyclase inhibits olfactory generator currents induced by "IP(3)-odors".
2000,
Pubmed Edwards,
A thin slice preparation for patch clamp recordings from neurones of the mammalian central nervous system.
1989,
Pubmed Friedrich,
Combinatorial and chemotopic odorant coding in the zebrafish olfactory bulb visualized by optical imaging.
1997,
Pubmed Frings,
Current recording from sensory cilia of olfactory receptor cells in situ. I. The neuronal response to cyclic nucleotides.
1991,
Pubmed Gekeler,
The leukotriene LTD4 receptor antagonist MK571 specifically modulates MRP associated multidrug resistance.
1995,
Pubmed Gold,
Controversial issues in vertebrate olfactory transduction.
1999,
Pubmed Hansen,
Ultrastructure of the olfactory organ in the clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, during larval development and metamorphosis.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Holy,
Responses of vomeronasal neurons to natural stimuli.
2000,
Pubmed Howell,
Acid-base balance in cold-blooded vertebrates as a function of body temperature.
1970,
Pubmed Iida,
Responses of Xenopus laevis water nose to water-soluble and volatile odorants.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Inamura,
Blockage of urinary responses by inhibitors for IP3-mediated pathway in rat vomeronasal sensory neurons.
1997,
Pubmed Kang,
In vivo responses of single olfactory receptor neurons in the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus.
1995,
Pubmed Kashiwayanagi,
Ca2+ and Cl(-)-dependence of the turtle olfactory response to odorants and forskolin.
1996,
Pubmed Kashiwayanagi,
Odor responses after complete desensitization of the cAMP-dependent pathway in turtle olfactory cells.
1995,
Pubmed Leypold,
Altered sexual and social behaviors in trp2 mutant mice.
2002,
Pubmed Liman,
TRP2: a candidate transduction channel for mammalian pheromone sensory signaling.
1999,
Pubmed Lipschitz,
Amino acid odorants stimulate microvillar sensory neurons.
2002,
Pubmed Lowe,
Adenylate cyclase mediates olfactory transduction for a wide variety of odorants.
1989,
Pubmed Manzini,
cAMP-independent responses of olfactory neurons in Xenopus laevis tadpoles and their projection onto olfactory bulb neurons.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Manzini,
Multidrug resistance transporters in the olfactory receptor neurons of Xenopus laevis tadpoles.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Manzini,
Odorant responses of Xenopus laevis tadpole olfactory neurons: a comparison between preparations.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Meyer,
A cGMP-signaling pathway in a subset of olfactory sensory neurons.
2000,
Pubmed Mezler,
Characteristic features and ligand specificity of the two olfactory receptor classes from Xenopus laevis.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Mezler,
Expression of olfactory receptors during development in Xenopus laevis.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Michel,
Odor-evoked inhibition in primary olfactory receptor neurons.
1994,
Pubmed Michel,
Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel activation is not required for activity-dependent labeling of zebrafish olfactory receptor neurons by amino acids.
1999,
Pubmed Reisert,
Responses to prolonged odour stimulation in frog olfactory receptor cells.
2001,
Pubmed Restrepo,
Odor stimuli trigger influx of calcium into olfactory neurons of the channel catfish.
1990,
Pubmed Ronnett,
Odorants differentially enhance phosphoinositide turnover and adenylyl cyclase in olfactory receptor neuronal cultures.
1993,
Pubmed Sato,
Whole-cell response characteristics of ciliated and microvillous olfactory receptor neurons to amino acids, pheromone candidates and urine in rainbow trout.
2001,
Pubmed Schild,
Transduction mechanisms in vertebrate olfactory receptor cells.
1998,
Pubmed Schild,
Microcontrollers as inexpensive pulse generators and parallel processors in electrophysiological experiments.
1996,
Pubmed Sklar,
The odorant-sensitive adenylate cyclase of olfactory receptor cells. Differential stimulation by distinct classes of odorants.
1986,
Pubmed Stowers,
Loss of sex discrimination and male-male aggression in mice deficient for TRP2.
2002,
Pubmed Vogler,
Inhibitory and excitatory responses of olfactory receptor neurons of xenopus laevis tadpoles to stimulation with amino acids.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Wekesa,
Pheromone regulated production of inositol-(1, 4, 5)-trisphosphate in the mammalian vomeronasal organ.
1997,
Pubmed Wong,
Disruption of the type III adenylyl cyclase gene leads to peripheral and behavioral anosmia in transgenic mice.
2000,
Pubmed Zufall,
From odor and pheromone transduction to the organization of the sense of smell.
2001,
Pubmed
