Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
J Biol Chem
2016 Jan 15;2913:1053-63. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M115.673129.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
The Physiological Characterization of Connexin41.8 and Connexin39.4, Which Are Involved in the Striped Pattern Formation of Zebrafish.
Watanabe M, Sawada R, Aramaki T, Skerrett IM, Kondo S.
???displayArticle.abstract???
The zebrafish has a striped skin pattern on its body, and Connexin41.8 (Cx41.8) and Cx39.4 are involved in striped pattern formation. Mutations in these connexins change the striped pattern to a spot or labyrinth pattern. In this study, we characterized Cx41.8 and Cx39.4 after expression in Xenopus oocytes. In addition, we analyzed Cx41.8 mutants Cx41.8I203F and Cx41.8M7, which caused spot or labyrinth skin patterns, respectively, in transgenic zebrafish. In the electrophysiological analysis, the gap junctions formed by Cx41.8 and Cx39.4 showed distinct sensitivity to transjunctional voltage. Analysis of non-junctional (hemichannel) currents revealed a large voltage-dependent current in Cx39.4-expressing oocytes that was absent in cells expressing Cx41.8. Junctional currents induced by both Cx41.8 and Cx39.4 were reduced by co-expression of Cx41.8I203F and abolished by co-expression of Cx41.8M7. In the transgenic experiment, Cx41.8I203F partially rescued the Cx41.8 null mutant phenotype, whereas Cx41.8M7 failed to rescue the null mutant, and it elicited a more severe phenotype than the Cx41.8 null mutant, as evidenced by a smaller spot pattern. Our results provide evidence that gap junctions formed by Cx41.8 play an important role in stripe/spot patterning and suggest that mutations in Cx41.8 can effect patterning by way of reduced function (I203F) and dominant negative effects (M7). Our results suggest that functional differences in Cx41.8 and Cx39.4 relate to spot or labyrinth mutant phenotypes and also provide evidence that these two connexins interact in vivo and in vitro.
Abascal,
Evolutionary analyses of gap junction protein families.
2013, Pubmed
Abascal,
Evolutionary analyses of gap junction protein families.
2013,
Pubmed Alexander,
Transfer of biologically important molecules between cells through gap junction channels.
2003,
Pubmed Ball,
Forging patterns and making waves from biology to geology: a commentary on Turing (1952) 'The chemical basis of morphogenesis'.
2015,
Pubmed Barrio,
Gap junctions formed by connexins 26 and 32 alone and in combination are differently affected by applied voltage.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Bruzzone,
Connexin40, a component of gap junctions in vascular endothelium, is restricted in its ability to interact with other connexins.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Budi,
Embryonic requirements for ErbB signaling in neural crest development and adult pigment pattern formation.
2008,
Pubmed Cao,
A quantitative analysis of connexin-specific permeability differences of gap junctions expressed in HeLa transfectants and Xenopus oocytes.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Cermak,
Efficient design and assembly of custom TALENs using the Golden Gate platform.
2015,
Pubmed Christie,
Molecular cloning, functional analysis, and RNA expression analysis of connexin45.6: a zebrafish cardiovascular connexin.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Dahlem,
Simple methods for generating and detecting locus-specific mutations induced with TALENs in the zebrafish genome.
2012,
Pubmed Dermietzel,
Molecular and functional diversity of neural connexins in the retina.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Eastman,
Phylogenetic analysis of three complete gap junction gene families reveals lineage-specific duplications and highly supported gene classes.
2006,
Pubmed Ebihara,
Co-expression of lens fiber connexins modifies hemi-gap-junctional channel behavior.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Elfgang,
Specific permeability and selective formation of gap junction channels in connexin-transfected HeLa cells.
1995,
Pubmed Eom,
Melanophore migration and survival during zebrafish adult pigment stripe development require the immunoglobulin superfamily adhesion molecule Igsf11.
2012,
Pubmed Fadeev,
Tight Junction Protein 1a regulates pigment cell organisation during zebrafish colour patterning.
2015,
Pubmed Furutani,
Mutational and in silico analyses for antidepressant block of astroglial inward-rectifier Kir4.1 channel.
2009,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Grosely,
Effects of phosphorylation on the structure and backbone dynamics of the intrinsically disordered connexin43 C-terminal domain.
2013,
Pubmed Hamada,
Involvement of Delta/Notch signaling in zebrafish adult pigment stripe patterning.
2014,
Pubmed Harris,
Emerging issues of connexin channels: biophysics fills the gap.
2001,
Pubmed Hibino,
Inwardly rectifying potassium channels: their structure, function, and physiological roles.
2010,
Pubmed Higdon,
Gene expression analysis of zebrafish melanocytes, iridophores, and retinal pigmented epithelium reveals indicators of biological function and developmental origin.
2013,
Pubmed Inaba,
Pigment pattern formation by contact-dependent depolarization.
2012,
Pubmed Inoue,
Tetraspanin 3c requirement for pigment cell interactions and boundary formation in zebrafish adult pigment stripes.
2014,
Pubmed Irion,
Gap junctions composed of connexins 41.8 and 39.4 are essential for colour pattern formation in zebrafish.
2014,
Pubmed Iwashita,
Pigment pattern in jaguar/obelix zebrafish is caused by a Kir7.1 mutation: implications for the regulation of melanosome movement.
2006,
Pubmed Kawakami,
Excision of the tol2 transposable element of the medaka fish, Oryzias latipes, in zebrafish, Danio rerio.
1998,
Pubmed Kawakami,
Identification of a functional transposase of the Tol2 element, an Ac-like element from the Japanese medaka fish, and its transposition in the zebrafish germ lineage.
2000,
Pubmed Kelsh,
Stripes and belly-spots -- a review of pigment cell morphogenesis in vertebrates.
2009,
Pubmed Kjenseth,
The gap junction channel protein connexin 43 is covalently modified and regulated by SUMOylation.
2012,
Pubmed Kondo,
Reaction-diffusion model as a framework for understanding biological pattern formation.
2010,
Pubmed Kondo,
The reaction-diffusion system: a mechanism for autonomous pattern formation in the animal skin.
2002,
Pubmed Kumar,
The gap junction communication channel.
1996,
Pubmed Kyle,
An intact connexin N-terminus is required for function but not gap junction formation.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Lang,
Basonuclin-2 requirements for zebrafish adult pigment pattern development and female fertility.
2009,
Pubmed Lister,
nacre encodes a zebrafish microphthalmia-related protein that regulates neural-crest-derived pigment cell fate.
1999,
Pubmed Maderspacher,
Formation of the adult pigment pattern in zebrafish requires leopard and obelix dependent cell interactions.
2003,
Pubmed Maeda,
Structure of the connexin 26 gap junction channel at 3.5 A resolution.
2009,
Pubmed McMenamin,
Thyroid hormone-dependent adult pigment cell lineage and pattern in zebrafish.
2014,
Pubmed Meinhardt,
Pattern formation by local self-activation and lateral inhibition.
2000,
Pubmed Musa,
Amino terminal glutamate residues confer spermine sensitivity and affect voltage gating and channel conductance of rat connexin40 gap junctions.
2004,
Pubmed Nakamasu,
Interactions between zebrafish pigment cells responsible for the generation of Turing patterns.
2009,
Pubmed Oshima,
Structure and closure of connexin gap junction channels.
2014,
Pubmed Oshima,
Three-dimensional structure of a human connexin26 gap junction channel reveals a plug in the vestibule.
2007,
Pubmed Oshima,
Asymmetric configurations and N-terminal rearrangements in connexin26 gap junction channels.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Parichy,
Zebrafish sparse corresponds to an orthologue of c-kit and is required for the morphogenesis of a subpopulation of melanocytes, but is not essential for hematopoiesis or primordial germ cell development.
1999,
Pubmed Sakuma,
Repeating pattern of non-RVD variations in DNA-binding modules enhances TALEN activity.
2013,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Singh,
Proliferation, dispersal and patterned aggregation of iridophores in the skin prefigure striped colouration of zebrafish.
2014,
Pubmed Singh,
Zebrafish stripes as a model for vertebrate colour pattern formation.
2015,
Pubmed Söhl,
Gap junctions and the connexin protein family.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Suster,
Transposon-mediated BAC transgenesis in zebrafish.
2011,
Pubmed Swenson,
Formation of gap junctions by expression of connexins in Xenopus oocyte pairs.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Verselis,
Opposite voltage gating polarities of two closely related connexins.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Watanabe,
Polyamine sensitivity of gap junctions is required for skin pattern formation in zebrafish.
2012,
Pubmed Watanabe,
Changing clothes easily: connexin41.8 regulates skin pattern variation.
2012,
Pubmed Watanabe,
Is pigment patterning in fish skin determined by the Turing mechanism?
2015,
Pubmed Watanabe,
Extensive analysis of ORF sequences from two different cichlid species in Lake Victoria provides molecular evidence for a recent radiation event of the Victoria species flock: identity of EST sequences between Haplochromis chilotes and Haplochromis sp. "Redtailsheller".
2004,
Pubmed Watanabe,
Spot pattern of leopard Danio is caused by mutation in the zebrafish connexin41.8 gene.
2006,
Pubmed Werner,
Formation of hybrid cell-cell channels.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase White,
Functional analysis of selective interactions among rodent connexins.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Yamaguchi,
Pattern regulation in the stripe of zebrafish suggests an underlying dynamic and autonomous mechanism.
2007,
Pubmed Yamanaka,
In vitro analysis suggests that difference in cell movement during direct interaction can generate various pigment patterns in vivo.
2014,
Pubmed
