Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
???displayArticle.abstract??? Thyroid hormone is essential for normal development in vertebrates. In amphibians, T3 controls metamorphosis by inducing tissue-specific gene regulation programs. A hallmark of T3 action is the modification of chromatin structure, which underlies changes in gene transcription. We found that mRNA for the de novo DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) dnmt3a, but not dnmt1, increased in the brain of Xenopus tadpoles during metamorphosis in parallel with plasma [T3]. Addition of T3 to the rearing water caused a time-dependent increase in dnmt3a mRNA in tadpolebrain, tail, and hind limb. By analyzing data from a genome-wide analysis of T3 receptor (TR) binding in tadpoletail, we identified several putative T3 response elements (TREs) within the dnmt3a locus. Using in vitro DNA binding, transient transfection-reporter, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays for TRs, we identified two functional TREs at -7.1 kb and +5.1 kb relative to the dnmt3a transcription start site. Sequence alignment showed that these TREs are conserved between two related frog species, X. laevis and X. tropicalis, but not with amniotes. Our previous findings showed that this gene is directly regulated by liganded TRs in mouse brain, and whereas the two mouse TREs are conserved among Eutherian mammals, they are not conserved in Xenopus species. Thus, although T3 regulation of dnmt3a may be an ancient pathway in vertebrates, the genomic sites responsible for hormone regulation may have diverged or arisen by convergent evolution. We hypothesize that direct T3 regulation of dnmt3a may be an important mechanism for modulating global changes in DNA methylation.
Anderson,
Control of thyroid hormone action in the developing rat brain.
2003, Pubmed
Anderson,
Control of thyroid hormone action in the developing rat brain.
2003,
Pubmed Ausió,
MeCP2: the long trip from a chromatin protein to neurological disorders.
2014,
Pubmed Bagamasbad,
Molecular basis for glucocorticoid induction of the Kruppel-like factor 9 gene in hippocampal neurons.
2012,
Pubmed Bagamasbad,
Deciphering the regulatory logic of an ancient, ultraconserved nuclear receptor enhancer module.
2015,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Barrow,
Epigenetic epidemiology of cancer.
2014,
Pubmed Bernal,
Action of thyroid hormone in brain.
2002,
Pubmed Brown,
Amphibian metamorphosis.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Buchholz,
More similar than you think: Frog metamorphosis as a model of human perinatal endocrinology.
2015,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Buisine,
Xenopus tropicalis Genome Re-Scaffolding and Re-Annotation Reach the Resolution Required for In Vivo ChIA-PET Analysis.
2015,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Challen,
Dnmt3a is essential for hematopoietic stem cell differentiation.
2011,
Pubmed Cheng,
Molecular aspects of thyroid hormone actions.
2010,
Pubmed Crespi,
Leptin (ob gene) of the South African clawed frog Xenopus laevis.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Denver,
Neuroendocrinology of amphibian metamorphosis.
2013,
Pubmed Denver,
Thyroid hormone receptor subtype specificity for hormone-dependent neurogenesis in Xenopus laevis.
2009,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Denver,
Identification of a thyroid hormone response element in the mouse Kruppel-like factor 9 gene to explain its postnatal expression in the brain.
2009,
Pubmed Falahi,
Epigenome engineering in cancer: fairytale or a realistic path to the clinic?
2015,
Pubmed Feng,
Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a maintain DNA methylation and regulate synaptic function in adult forebrain neurons.
2010,
Pubmed Feng,
Conservation and divergence of methylation patterning in plants and animals.
2010,
Pubmed Hall,
The contribution of epigenetics to understanding genetic factors in autism.
2014,
Pubmed Hellsten,
Accelerated gene evolution and subfunctionalization in the pseudotetraploid frog Xenopus laevis.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Hoopfer,
Basic transcription element binding protein is a thyroid hormone-regulated transcription factor expressed during metamorphosis in Xenopus laevis.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Isles,
Neural and behavioral epigenetics; what it is, and what is hype.
2015,
Pubmed Krain,
Developmental expression and hormonal regulation of glucocorticoid and thyroid hormone receptors during metamorphosis in Xenopus laevis.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Kyono,
Liganded Thyroid Hormone Receptors Transactivate the DNA Methyltransferase 3a Gene in Mouse Neuronal Cells.
2016,
Pubmed Lebel,
Overexpression of the beta 1 thyroid receptor induces differentiation in neuro-2a cells.
1994,
Pubmed Lister,
Global epigenomic reconfiguration during mammalian brain development.
2013,
Pubmed MacDonald,
Epigenetic regulation of nervous system development by DNA methylation and histone deacetylation.
2009,
Pubmed Nguyen,
Ablation of de novo DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3a in the nervous system leads to neuromuscular defects and shortened lifespan.
2007,
Pubmed Okano,
DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are essential for de novo methylation and mammalian development.
1999,
Pubmed Rottach,
DNA methylation-mediated epigenetic control.
2009,
Pubmed Samuels,
Depletion of L-3,5,3'-triiodothyronine and L-thyroxine in euthyroid calf serum for use in cell culture studies of the action of thyroid hormone.
1979,
Pubmed Shin,
DNA modifications in the mammalian brain.
2014,
Pubmed Suzuki,
DNA methylation landscapes: provocative insights from epigenomics.
2008,
Pubmed Watanabe,
Stage- and cell-specific expression of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b during embryogenesis.
2002,
Pubmed Yang,
DNMT3A in haematological malignancies.
2015,
Pubmed Yao,
Structural and functional conservation of vertebrate corticotropin-releasing factor genes: evidence for a critical role for a conserved cyclic AMP response element.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Zemach,
Genome-wide evolutionary analysis of eukaryotic DNA methylation.
2010,
Pubmed
