Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Vet Glas
2018 Jan 01;721:1-13. doi: 10.2298/VETGL170731012J.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
ELUCIDATING NUCLEAR SIZE CONTROL IN THE XENOPUS MODEL SYSTEM.
Predrag J, Daniel LL.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Background: Nuclear size is a tightly regulated cellular feature. Mechanisms that regulate nuclear size and the functional significance of this regulation are largely unknown. Nuclear size and morphology are often altered in many diseases, such as cancer. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that regulate nuclear size is crucial to provide insight into the role of nuclear size in disease.
Scope and Approach: The goal of this review is to summarize the most recent studies about the mechanisms and functional significance of nuclear size control using the Xenopus model system. First, this review describes how Xenopus egg extracts, embryos, and embryo extracts are prepared and used in scientific research. Next, the review focuses on the mechanisms and functional effects of proper nuclear size control that have been learned using the Xenopus system.
Key Findings and Conclusions: Xenopus is an excellent in vivo and in vitro experimental platform to study mechanisms of nuclear size control. Given its close evolutionary relationship with mammals and that most cellular processes and pathways are highly conserved between Xenopus and humans, the Xenopus system has been a valuable tool to advance biomedical research. Some of the mechanisms that regulate nuclear size include components of nuclear import such as importin α and NTF2, nuclear lamins, nucleoporins, proteins that regulate the morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum, and cytoskeletal elements.
???displayArticle.pubmedLink???
30474651 ???displayArticle.pmcLink???PMC6242335 ???displayArticle.link???Vet Glas ???displayArticle.grants???[+]
Amodeo,
Histone titration against the genome sets the DNA-to-cytoplasm threshold for the Xenopus midblastula transition.
2015, Pubmed,
Xenbase
Amodeo,
Histone titration against the genome sets the DNA-to-cytoplasm threshold for the Xenopus midblastula transition.
2015,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Anderson,
Nuclear envelope formation by chromatin-mediated reorganization of the endoplasmic reticulum.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Anderson,
Reshaping of the endoplasmic reticulum limits the rate for nuclear envelope formation.
2008,
Pubmed Bajpai,
CHD7 cooperates with PBAF to control multipotent neural crest formation.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Bermudez,
Probing the biology of cell boundary conditions through confinement of Xenopus cell-free cytoplasmic extracts.
2017,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Brown,
Xenopus tropicalis egg extracts provide insight into scaling of the mitotic spindle.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Chan,
In vitro study of nuclear assembly and nuclear import using Xenopus egg extracts.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Collart,
Chk1 Inhibition of the Replication Factor Drf1 Guarantees Cell-Cycle Elongation at the Xenopus laevis Mid-blastula Transition.
2017,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Collart,
Titration of four replication factors is essential for the Xenopus laevis midblastula transition.
2013,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Cruciat,
Requirement of prorenin receptor and vacuolar H+-ATPase-mediated acidification for Wnt signaling.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Dechat,
Nuclear lamins: major factors in the structural organization and function of the nucleus and chromatin.
2008,
Pubmed Desai,
The use of Xenopus egg extracts to study mitotic spindle assembly and function in vitro.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Dominguez-Sola,
Non-transcriptional control of DNA replication by c-Myc.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Edens,
PKC-mediated phosphorylation of nuclear lamins at a single serine residue regulates interphase nuclear size in Xenopus and mammalian cells.
2017,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Edens,
A Cell-Free Assay Using Xenopus laevis Embryo Extracts to Study Mechanisms of Nuclear Size Regulation.
2016,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Edens,
cPKC regulates interphase nuclear size during Xenopus development.
2014,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Edgar,
Cell cycle control by the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio in early Drosophila development.
1986,
Pubmed Fuller,
Midzone activation of aurora B in anaphase produces an intracellular phosphorylation gradient.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Gruenbaum,
The nuclear lamina and its functions in the nucleus.
2003,
Pubmed Hara,
Dynein-Based Accumulation of Membranes Regulates Nuclear Expansion in Xenopus laevis Egg Extracts.
2015,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Hellsten,
The genome of the Western clawed frog Xenopus tropicalis.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Hockey,
Dysregulation of lysosomal morphology by pathogenic LRRK2 is corrected by TPC2 inhibition.
2015,
Pubmed Isermann,
Nuclear mechanics and mechanotransduction in health and disease.
2013,
Pubmed Jevtić,
Nuclear size scaling during Xenopus early development contributes to midblastula transition timing.
2015,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Jevtić,
Mechanisms of nuclear size regulation in model systems and cancer.
2014,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Jevtić,
Use of Xenopus cell-free extracts to study size regulation of subcellular structures.
2016,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Jevtić,
Concentration-dependent Effects of Nuclear Lamins on Nuclear Size in Xenopus and Mammalian Cells.
2015,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Jevtić,
Both Nuclear Size and DNA Amount Contribute to Midblastula Transition Timing in Xenopus laevis.
2017,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Jevtić,
Sizing and shaping the nucleus: mechanisms and significance.
2014,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Kane,
The zebrafish midblastula transition.
1993,
Pubmed Kobayakawa,
Temporal pattern of cleavage and the onset of gastrulation in amphibian embryos developed from eggs with the reduced cytoplasm.
1981,
Pubmed Levy,
Nuclear size is regulated by importin α and Ntf2 in Xenopus.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Levy,
Mechanisms of intracellular scaling.
2012,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Liesa,
Mitochondrial dynamics in mammalian health and disease.
2009,
Pubmed Liu,
Microfluidic platforms for single-cell protein analysis.
2013,
Pubmed Murphy,
Control of DNA replication by the nucleus/cytoplasm ratio in Xenopus.
2013,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Murray,
Cell cycle extracts.
1991,
Pubmed Newport,
A lamin-independent pathway for nuclear envelope assembly.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Newport,
A major developmental transition in early Xenopus embryos: I. characterization and timing of cellular changes at the midblastula stage.
1982,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Newport,
A major developmental transition in early Xenopus embryos: II. Control of the onset of transcription.
1982,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Poulsen,
Neurological disease mutations compromise a C-terminal ion pathway in the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Puah,
Quantitative microscopy uncovers ploidy changes during mitosis in live Drosophila embryos and their effect on nuclear size.
2017,
Pubmed Räschle,
Mechanism of replication-coupled DNA interstrand crosslink repair.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Schuster-Böckler,
Chromatin organization is a major influence on regional mutation rates in human cancer cells.
2012,
Pubmed Session,
Genome evolution in the allotetraploid frog Xenopus laevis.
2016,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Shachar,
Identification of Gene Positioning Factors Using High-Throughput Imaging Mapping.
2015,
Pubmed Shaulov,
A dominant-negative form of POM121 binds chromatin and disrupts the two separate modes of nuclear pore assembly.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Stick,
Changes in the nuclear lamina composition during early development of Xenopus laevis.
1985,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Voeltz,
A class of membrane proteins shaping the tubular endoplasmic reticulum.
2006,
Pubmed Vuković,
Nuclear size is sensitive to NTF2 protein levels in a manner dependent on Ran binding.
2016,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Walters,
Shaping the nucleus: factors and forces.
2012,
Pubmed Wühr,
Evidence for an upper limit to mitotic spindle length.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Zink,
Nuclear structure in cancer cells.
2004,
Pubmed Zumbusch,
Nonlinear vibrational microscopy applied to lipid biology.
2013,
Pubmed
