Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
???displayArticle.abstract???
The organization of microtubules (MTs) is critical for cells during interphase and mitosis. During mitotic spindle assembly, MTs are made and organized around chromosomes in a process regulated by RanGTP. The role of RanGTP has been explored in Xenopus egg extracts, which are not limited by a cell membrane. Here, we investigated whether cell-sized confinements affect the assembly of RanGTP-induced MT networks in Xenopus egg extracts. We used microfluidics to encapsulate extracts within monodisperse extract-in-oil droplets. Importantly, we find that the architecture of Ran-induced MT networks depends on the droplet diameter and the Ran concentration, and differs from structures formed in bulk extracts. Our results highlight that both MT nucleation and physical confinement play critical roles in determining the spatial organization of the MT cytoskeleton.
Abate,
Glass coating for PDMS microfluidic channels by sol-gel methods.
2008, Pubmed
Abate,
Glass coating for PDMS microfluidic channels by sol-gel methods.
2008,
Pubmed Alfaro-Aco,
Structural analysis of the role of TPX2 in branching microtubule nucleation.
2017,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Baumann,
Motor-mediated cortical versus astral microtubule organization in lipid-monolayered droplets.
2014,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Brugués,
Nucleation and transport organize microtubules in metaphase spindles.
2012,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Buendia,
A centrosomal antigen localized on intermediate filaments and mitotic spindle poles.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Cai,
Kinesin-14 family proteins HSET/XCTK2 control spindle length by cross-linking and sliding microtubules.
2009,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Carazo-Salas,
Ran-GTP coordinates regulation of microtubule nucleation and dynamics during mitotic-spindle assembly.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Carazo-Salas,
Generation of GTP-bound Ran by RCC1 is required for chromatin-induced mitotic spindle formation.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Cosentino Lagomarsino,
Microtubule organization in three-dimensional confined geometries: evaluating the role of elasticity through a combined in vitro and modeling approach.
2007,
Pubmed Cyr,
Organization of cortical microtubules in plant cells.
1995,
Pubmed Decker,
Autocatalytic microtubule nucleation determines the size and mass of Xenopus laevis egg extract spindles.
2018,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Desai,
Microtubule polymerization dynamics.
1997,
Pubmed Dixit,
The cortical microtubule array: from dynamics to organization.
2004,
Pubmed Dumont,
Acentrosomal spindle assembly and chromosome segregation during oocyte meiosis.
2012,
Pubmed Foster,
Active contraction of microtubule networks.
2015,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Good,
Cytoplasmic volume modulates spindle size during embryogenesis.
2013,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Gruss,
Ran induces spindle assembly by reversing the inhibitory effect of importin alpha on TPX2 activity.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Guan,
A robust and tunable mitotic oscillator in artificial cells.
2018,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Hannak,
Investigating mitotic spindle assembly and function in vitro using Xenopus laevis egg extracts.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Hazel,
Changes in cytoplasmic volume are sufficient to drive spindle scaling.
2013,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Heald,
Self-organization of microtubules into bipolar spindles around artificial chromosomes in Xenopus egg extracts.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Hoffmann,
Spatiotemporal control of microtubule nucleation and assembly using magnetic nanoparticles.
2013,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Juniper,
Spherical network contraction forms microtubule asters in confinement.
2018,
Pubmed Kalab,
Visualization of a Ran-GTP gradient in interphase and mitotic Xenopus egg extracts.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Mitchison,
Growth, interaction, and positioning of microtubule asters in extremely large vertebrate embryo cells.
2012,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Montorzi,
Xenopus laevis embryo development: arrest of epidermal cell differentiation by the chelating agent 1,10-phenanthroline.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Nédélec,
Self-organization of microtubules and motors.
1997,
Pubmed Oakey,
Microfluidic Encapsulation of Demembranated Sperm Nuclei in Xenopus Egg Extracts.
2018,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Ohba,
Self-organization of microtubule asters induced in Xenopus egg extracts by GTP-bound Ran.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Petry,
Mechanisms of Mitotic Spindle Assembly.
2016,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Petry,
Branching microtubule nucleation in Xenopus egg extracts mediated by augmin and TPX2.
2013,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Pinot,
Effects of confinement on the self-organization of microtubules and motors.
2009,
Pubmed Roostalu,
Determinants of Polar versus Nematic Organization in Networks of Dynamic Microtubules and Mitotic Motors.
2018,
Pubmed Surrey,
Physical properties determining self-organization of motors and microtubules.
2001,
Pubmed Suzuki,
Spatial confinement of active microtubule networks induces large-scale rotational cytoplasmic flow.
2017,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Thawani,
Spatiotemporal organization of branched microtubule networks.
2019,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Verde,
Taxol-induced microtubule asters in mitotic extracts of Xenopus eggs: requirement for phosphorylated factors and cytoplasmic dynein.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Wasteneys,
Spatial organization of plant cortical microtubules: close encounters of the 2D kind.
2009,
Pubmed Weis,
Characterization of the nuclear protein import mechanism using Ran mutants with altered nucleotide binding specificities.
1996,
Pubmed Wilde,
Stimulation of microtubule aster formation and spindle assembly by the small GTPase Ran.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Wittmann,
The spindle: a dynamic assembly of microtubules and motors.
2001,
Pubmed Wühr,
Evidence for an upper limit to mitotic spindle length.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Xu,
Nucleation in polymers and soft matter.
2014,
Pubmed Zhang,
Ran-GTP stabilises microtubule asters and inhibits nuclear assembly in Xenopus egg extracts.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Zhang,
Mechanisms of plant spindle formation.
2011,
Pubmed Zheng,
The mitotic spindle matrix: a fibro-membranous lamin connection.
2006,
Pubmed
