Biol Cell 2001 Sep 01;931-2:27-33. doi: 10.1016/s0248-4900(01)01127-3.

The pathway of MAP kinase mediation of CSF arrest in Xenopus oocytes.

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A cytoplasmic activity in mature oocytes responsible for second meiotic metaphase arrest was identified over 30 years ago in amphibian oocytes. In Xenopus oocytes CSF activity is initiated by the progesterone-dependent synthesis of Mos, a MAPK kinase kinase, which activates the MAPK pathway. CSF arrest is mediated by a sole MAPK target, the protein kinase p90Rsk which leads to inhibition of cyclin B degradation by the anaphase-promoting complex. Rsk phosphorylates and activates the Bub1 protein kinase, which may cause metaphase arrest due to inhibition of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) by a conserved mechanism defined genetically in yeast and mammalian cells. CSF arrest in vertebrate oocytes by p90Rsk provides a potential link between the MAPK pathway and the spindle assembly checkpoint in the cell cycle.

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Species referenced: Xenopus
Genes referenced: bub1 mapk1 mos rps6ka1