Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Previously, we demonstrated that a protein from Xenopus egg jelly exhibits sperm chemoattractant activity when assayed by either video microscopy or by sperm passage across a porous filter. Here we describe the isolation and purification of allurin, the protein responsible for this activity. Freshly oviposited jellied eggs were soaked in buffer, and the conditioned medium was loaded onto an anion exchange column and eluted with an NaCl gradient. The active fraction was purified further by RP-HPLC, the chemoattractant protein appearing as a single sharp peak. The amino acid sequence of the protein, determined by direct sequencing and cloning of cDNAs coding for the protein, consisted of 184 amino acids having a molecular mass of 21,073 Da. The protein shares homology with the mammalian cysteine-rich secretory protein (CRISP) family that includes testes-specific spermatocyte protein 1, a cell adhesion protein which links spermatocytes to Seritoli cells, and acidic epididymal glycoproteins that bind to sperm and have been implicated in sperm-egg fusion. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that allurin evolved from the ancestral protein that gave rise to the mammalian CRISP family. Addition of allurin to this family portends that the CRISP family represents a group of "sperm escort" proteins, which bind to sperm at various steps in their life history, facilitating passage from one functional stage to the next. Allurin stands out in this regard, representing both the first vertebrate sperm chemoattractant to be purified and sequenced and the first member of the CRISP family to be found in the female reproductive tract.
al-Anzi,
A sperm chemoattractant is released from Xenopus egg jelly during spawning.
1998, Pubmed,
Xenbase
al-Anzi,
A sperm chemoattractant is released from Xenopus egg jelly during spawning.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Almeida,
Mouse egg integrin alpha 6 beta 1 functions as a sperm receptor.
1995,
Pubmed Altschul,
Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs.
1997,
Pubmed Anderson,
Atrial natriuretic peptide: a chemoattractant of human spermatozoa by a guanylate cyclase-dependent pathway.
1995,
Pubmed Bernardini,
Xenopus spermatozoon: correlation between shape and motility.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Blobel,
Proteolytic processing of a protein involved in sperm-egg fusion correlates with acquisition of fertilization competence.
1990,
Pubmed Bonnell,
Egg jelly layers of Xenopus laevis are unique in ultrastructure and sugar distribution.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Bonnell,
Xenopus laevis egg jelly coats consist of small diffusible proteins bound to a complex system of structurally stable networks composed of high-molecular-weight glycoconjugates.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Bonnell,
Dichromatic staining of electrophoretically separated extracellular matrix macromolecules.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Brooks,
Molecular cloning of the cDNA for androgen-dependent sperm-coating glycoproteins secreted by the rat epididymis.
1986,
Pubmed Charest,
Molecular cloning of complementary deoxyribonucleic acid for an androgen-regulated epididymal protein: sequence homology with metalloproteins.
1988,
Pubmed Cohen,
Mammalian sperm-egg fusion: evidence that epididymal protein DE plays a role in mouse gamete fusion.
2000,
Pubmed Eisenbach,
Do human eggs attract spermatozoa?
1999,
Pubmed Evans,
Characterization of the binding of recombinant mouse sperm fertilin beta subunit to mouse eggs: evidence for adhesive activity via an egg beta1 integrin-mediated interaction.
1997,
Pubmed Fernández,
NMR solution structure of the pathogenesis-related protein P14a.
1997,
Pubmed Foster,
Autoantigen 1 of the guinea pig sperm acrosome is the homologue of mouse Tpx-1 and human TPX1 and is a member of the cysteine-rich secretory protein (CRISP) family.
1996,
Pubmed Garbers,
Molecular basis of fertilization.
1989,
Pubmed Hardy,
Purification and characterization of the primary acrosomal autoantigen of guinea pig epididymal spermatozoa.
1988,
Pubmed Hayashi,
Characterization of a human glycoprotein with a potential role in sperm-egg fusion: cDNA cloning, immunohistochemical localization, and chromosomal assignment of the gene (AEGL1).
1996,
Pubmed Hedrick,
Structure and function of the extracellular matrix of anuran eggs.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Janetopoulos,
Receptor-mediated activation of heterotrimeric G-proteins in living cells.
2001,
Pubmed Kumar,
MEGA2: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis software.
2001,
Pubmed Laemmli,
Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4.
1970,
Pubmed Maeda,
Molecular cloning of the rat Tpx-1 responsible for the interaction between spermatogenic and Sertoli cells.
1998,
Pubmed Myles,
Identification of a binding site in the disintegrin domain of fertilin required for sperm-egg fusion.
1994,
Pubmed Oliveira,
Increased velocity and induction of chemotactic response in mouse spermatozoa by follicular and oviductal fluids.
1999,
Pubmed Olson,
Xenopus laevis egg jelly contains small proteins that are essential to fertilization.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Parent,
A cell's sense of direction.
1999,
Pubmed Ralt,
Sperm attraction to a follicular factor(s) correlates with human egg fertilizability.
1991,
Pubmed Reinhart,
Xenopus laevis fertilisation: analysis of sperm motility in egg jelly using video light microscopy.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Rochwerger,
Mammalian sperm-egg fusion: the rat egg has complementary sites for a sperm protein that mediates gamete fusion.
1992,
Pubmed Rochwerger,
Redistribution of a rat sperm epididymal glycoprotein after in vitro and in vivo capacitation.
1992,
Pubmed Schambony,
Equine CRISP-3: primary structure and expression in the male genital tract.
1998,
Pubmed Scopes,
Measurement of protein by spectrophotometry at 205 nm.
1974,
Pubmed Shimomura,
Covalent coupling of a resact analogue to guanylate cyclase.
1986,
Pubmed Singh,
Membrane guanylate cyclase is a cell-surface receptor with homology to protein kinases.
1988,
Pubmed Smith,
Measurement of protein using bicinchoninic acid.
1985,
Pubmed Suzuki,
Structure, function and biosynthesis of sperm-activating peptides and fucose sulfate glycoconjugate in the extracellular coat of sea urchin eggs.
1995,
Pubmed Tian,
Xenopus laevis sperm receptor gp69/64 glycoprotein is a homolog of the mammalian sperm receptor ZP2.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Tian,
Gamete interactions in Xenopus laevis: identification of sperm binding glycoproteins in the egg vitelline envelope.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Tian,
Xenopus laevis sperm-egg adhesion is regulated by modifications in the sperm receptor and the egg vitelline envelope.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Tornero,
Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding a pathogenesis-related protein, p1-p14, from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum).
1993,
Pubmed Villanueva-Díaz,
Novel model for study of human sperm chemotaxis.
1992,
Pubmed Vo,
Independent and hetero-oligomeric-dependent sperm binding to egg envelope glycoprotein ZPC in Xenopus laevis.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase Ward,
Chemotaxis of Arbacia punctulata spermatozoa to resact, a peptide from the egg jelly layer.
1985,
Pubmed Wassarman,
The Parkes Lecture. Zona pellucida glycoprotein mZP3: a versatile player during mammalian fertilization.
1999,
Pubmed Wassarman,
A profile of fertilization in mammals.
2001,
Pubmed Wilson-Rawls,
Differential regulation of epaxial and hypaxial muscle development by paraxis.
1999,
Pubmed Wolfsberg,
ADAM, a novel family of membrane proteins containing A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease domain: multipotential functions in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions.
1995,
Pubmed Xu,
Identification of the rat epididymis-secreted 4E9 antigen as protein E: further biochemical characterization of the highly homologous epididymal secretory proteins D and E.
1996,
Pubmed Zamir,
Atrial natriuretic peptide attracts human spermatozoa in vitro.
1993,
Pubmed
